牛瘤胃中米曲霉的分离鉴定及对玉米秸秆降解效果的研究  

Study on isolation and identification of Aspergillus oryzae from bovine rumen and analysis of its effect on corn straw degradation

作　　者：王平[1] 王朋朋[1] 左瑞雨[1] 党晓伟[1] 常娟[1] 李小飞[1] 尹清强[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学牧医工程学院,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2010年第3期295-299,共5页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：河南省科技成果转化项目(082201180001)

摘　　要：为提高玉米秸秆中纤维素的降解率,从牛瘤胃内容物中筛选出高效的纤维素降解菌,并研究该菌对玉米秸秆的发酵效果.经选择性培养基初筛和固体发酵培养复筛,筛选出1株纤维素酶活性相对较高的菌株（No.3）,经形态特征观察和26S rDNAITS区序列分析确定其为米曲霉（Aspergillus oryzae）.对其酶学特性及发酵效果进行了研究.结果表明,该菌所产纤维素酶的最适pH值为5.5~6.0,最适温度为50℃.其羧甲基纤维素酶活性和滤纸糖酶活性分别达到6.01,1.15 U.g-1.与发酵前相比,发酵后的玉米秸秆中还原糖和可溶性蛋白含量分别提高123.53%,48.98%（P〈0.05）;纤维素和半纤维素的降解率分别为25.01%,45.99%（P〈0.05）.说明该菌株具有较高的应用价值,可以作为开发和利用农作物秸秆的优良菌株.In order to increase cellulose degradation of corn straw by microorganisms,the aim of this study was to isolate cellulose-degrading microorganism from bovine rumen and analyse its effect on straw utilization.The microorganism was first screened in selective culture medium for cellulase detection,and then cultured in corn straw medium.One superior cellulose decomposing strain（No.3） was isolated from bovine rumen and identified as Aspergillus oryzae by morphological and 26S rDNA technique,which was used for solid fermentation of corn straw to determine cellulase characteristics and fermentation results.The results showed that the optimum pH and temperature of cellulase were 5.5～6.0 and 50 ℃;the CMCase and filter paper cellulase activity were 6.01,1.15 U·g-1,respectively.Compared with the control,the contents of glucose and soluble protein in the corn straw fermented with A.oryzae were increased by 123.53%,48.98%（P0.05）,and the degradation rates of cellulose and hemi-cellulose were 25.01%,45.99%,respectively（P0.05）.The results indicated that A.oryzae had high application value,and it could be used as a potential strain for straw utilization.

关 键 词：米曲霉 玉米秸秆发酵 牛瘤胃 纤维素酶 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]