环境微生物群落结构与功能多样性研究方法  

Current progress in approaches to the study of structure and function diversities of environmental microbial communities

作　　者：刘开朗[1] 王加启[1] 卜登攀[1] 李旦[1] 于萍[1] 赵圣国[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所动物营养学国家重点试验室,北京100193

出　　处：《生态学报》2010年第4期1074-1080,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划资助项目(2006BAD04A03);动物营养学国家重点实验室自主研究课题资助项目(2004DA125184(团)0801)

摘　　要：微生物群落的结构及群落内种间相互作用是影响其生态功能的决定性因素。尽管微生物群落是地球生物化学循环的主要驱动者,但是由于传统的微生物培养方法只能分离约1%10%的环境微生物,对复杂的环境微生物群落结构和功能多样性了解甚少。元基因组学、单细胞分析和群落遗传学等方法的出现,及其与微生物学的交叉融合,使得人们能够从微生物群落组成、物种功能、种间相互作用和预测模型等方面分析微生物群落。重点综述了元基因组学、单细胞分析和群落遗传学等方法及其在环境微生物群落结构和功能多样性中的应用进展。Microbial community structure and interspecies interactions are the key factors that determine the function of the community.Although these communities are the major drivers of many biosphere processes,due to the fact that only 1%-10% of natural microbes could be recovered by classical culture-dependent methods,relatively little is known about their structure and function.Some recently emerged novel methods,e.g.metagenomics,single cell analysis and community genetics enable researcher could decipher the ecological properties of microbial communities on the basis of the questions being asked： the composition of the community,the function of individual species,the model of interspecies interaction and predictive modeling at the community level.In the present review,we describe the current concept and application of metagenomics,single cell analysis and community genetics to study microbial ecology and progress toward predictive modeling.

关 键 词：群落生态学 群落遗传学 种间相互作用 元基因组学 鲁棒性 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]