啤酒大麦精化力及其有关酿造品质性状的胚和胚乳遗传效应分析  

Analysis of Embryo and Endosperm Genetic Effects on Diastatic Power and Associated Malting Quality Traits of Malting Barley

作　　者：徐绍英[1] 阎新甫 朱军[1] 许永汉 徐新宇[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江农业大学农学系,浙江杭州310029 [2]中国农业科学院作物品种资源研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《作物学报》1999年第1期25-31,共7页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家教委<跨世纪优秀人才专项基金>资助项目

摘　　要：以7个二棱大麦品种及其半双列杂交F_2种子的两年资料,采用包括基因型×环境互作的麦芽品质性状遗传模型,对糖化力(DP)、α-淀粉酶活力(αAA)、β-淀粉酶活力(βAA)和麦芽N含量的胚和胚乳直接遗传效应及其环境互作进行了遗传研究。结果表明,这4个麦芽品质性状既受基因型影响又受环境(年份)影响。DP和βAA的遗传主要受胚乳直接显性效应和胚显性×环境互作效应的控制,胚加性效应×环境互作以及胚乳加性效应×环境互作对其表现有一定的影响。αAA和麦芽N的遗传同时受胚和胚乳遗传效应的决定,但以胚直接显性效应和胚乳直接加性效应为主,并发现胚加性和显性与环境以及胚乳加性与环境均有显著的互作存在。DP与βAA有显著正相关(rc=0.5601)。麦芽N与DP的正相关主要在于二者都与βAA有密切关系。αAA和麦芽N含量的普通狭义遗传率分别为26.1％和27.8％。Seeds of 7 cultivars of two-rowed barley (Hordeum distichum L. )and F2 seeds on F1 plants from a half-diallel set of crosses among the cultivars were malted in two years to obtain data on diastatic power (DP)a-amylase activity (αAA)3-amylase activity (βAA) and malt nitrogen (N) content, embryo and endosperm genetic effects on the traits were studied using a genetic model with G × E interaction for malting quality characters. Variation in the four malting quality traits among barley varieties was affected by genetic and environmental factors (i. e year). Expression of DP and βAA was mainly controlled not only by endosperm dominance effects, but it also was influenced to some extent by embryo additive effect×environment (E) interaction, embryo × E interaction effects and endosperm additive × E interaction effects. aAA and malt N content were conditioned by both embryo and endosperm direct effects, but the embryo dominance and endosperm additive effects constituted major part of genetic effects. Significant variances of embryo additive × E interaction and dominance × E interaction and endosperm additive × E interaction effects were also observed for αAA and malt N content Diastatic power was correlated positively with βAA(rG = 0. 5601). Malt N content was associated positively with DP, largely because of the relationship between malt N and βAA general narrow-sense heritabilities of aAA and malt N content were 26.1% and 27. 8% respectively.

关 键 词：啤酒大麦 糖化力 胚 胚乳 遗传效应 酿造品质 

分 类 号：S512.303.2[农业科学—作物学]