“人是精神物”与晋宋之际自然审美观的形成  

"The Human is a Spiritual Matter"and the Formation of the Natural Aesthetic Standards Between the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Liu Song Period

作　　者：钟仕伦[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学文学院,成都610066

出　　处：《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2010年第4期36-43,共8页Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"中国中古时期的宗教意识形态与自然审美观研究"(07XZX009)的部分研究成果

摘　　要：宗炳提出的"人是精神物"的思想在晋宋之际自然审美观念的形成中有两个积极的意义。一是在认识论上把主体分为精神主体和物质主体,彰显了主体的二重性。在这个意义上讲,"人是精神物"亦可称为"人是精神我",以相对于作为物质形态的"我"。作为"精神我",在面对自然的时候,他所追求的就不再是自我道德完美的标志和载体,也不再把自然看成是相互往还的依托或人生的归宿,而看成是超越了自我和超越了现实的自立的对象。相对于儒家以"善"为核心的自然审美观和道家以"真"为核心的自然审美观,源于佛陀净土和期往来生理论的"人是精神物"的自然审美观,其核心在"美"。具有"人是精神物"这种主体意识的人所追求的审美的最高境界即是"澄神于泥洹之境",自然在他的眼中才真正成了审美的自然。The idea that the human is a spiritual matter, advanced by Zong Bing, played an active role in the formation of the natural aesthetic standards between the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Liu Song Period （317 - 479 AD）. Firstly, subject can be divided into spiritual subject and material subject from the point of view of knowledge theory, which demonstrates the dual nature of subject. In this sense, the idea that the human is a spiritual matter can also be interpreted as ＂the human is a spiritual self＂, which is in contrast with the ＂self＂ as a form of matter. When faced with the Nature, what the human as a ＂spiritual self＂ seeks for is no longer a mark and carrier of self moral perfection, nor does the human regard the Nature as something to depend on or the end - result of his life. In contrast with the Confucianist natural aesthetic standards with ＂kindness＂ as its core and the Taoist natural aesthetic standards with ＂truthfulness＂ as its core, the natural aes＇thetic standards related to the idea that the human is a spiritual matter, which was derived from the doctrines of Buddha＇s Pure Land and the expectation for transmigration, had ＂beautifulness＂ as its core. The highest esthetic standards this kind of human seeks for is to purify his spirit in nirvana. In his eyes, the Nature has really become the esthetic nature.

关 键 词：人是精神物 神游 澄神 泥洹之境 自然审美观 

分 类 号：B235[哲学宗教—中国哲学]