论孔子的天道观  

A Discussion on Confucius' View of Natural Law

作　　者：王志强[1] 王功龙[2] 

机构地区：[1]大连大学,辽宁大连116600 [2]辽宁师范大学,辽宁大连116029

出　　处：《烟台大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2010年第3期6-12,共7页Journal of Yantai University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

摘　　要："天道"观是中国古代哲学思想史非常重要的范畴。以孔子为代表的儒家"天道"观历来有不同的说法,要真正认清孔子的"天道"观实质,必须结合孔子生活的时代及周公"制礼作乐"的历史背景及其礼学发展传承。孔子继承了周公以来的重视人道,天道与人道互相结合的观点,对"天道"观重新做了阐释,认为"天"首先是一个外在于人类的物质实体,并不相信"天命"的先天决定性,把周公的的"天人之际"发展为"人人之际",以仁德来教化民众,以"礼"来安排人与人的关系,创立了儒家学说,即所谓经学。新"天道"观是孔子创建儒家学说的思想理论基础。孔子的"天道"观不是崇尚宗教人格之天,而是自然之天、伦理之天、道德之天,这就是孔子"天道"观的实质。The concept of natural law is very important to Chinese traditional philosophy. Confucianism, represented by Confucius, had different views about natural law. In order to clarify the essence of natural law, we must have in mind the time in which Confucius lived, the historical background on which Zhou Gong made the composition of ceremonial melodies, and the development of ceremony of the time. Inheriting Zhou Gong＇ s view of humanity and the combination of humanity and natural law, Confucius redefined natural law. He believed that natural law existed objectively and refused to believe the predestined fate. Confucius expanded Zhou Gong＇ s ＂correlation between human and heaven＂ to ＂the correlation among humanities＂, taught people with benevolence and righteousness, dealt with human relationship with ceremony, and finally established Confucianism. The new concept of natural law was the theoretical foundation of Confucianism. Instead of aiming at teaching people predestined law, Confucius concept of natural law aimed at teaching people the law of nature, the law of ethics, and the law of morality.

关 键 词：孔子 周公 天 天道观 儒家 

分 类 号：B222.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]