不同编码对听写困难儿童字形记忆的促进效应  

The Promoting Effect of Different Encoding Mode on Chinese Character Graphic Memory of Children with Spelling Difficulties

作　　者：杨双[1] 宁宁[2] 潘益中[3] 石卫霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学心理系,苏州215123 [2]香港中文大学心理系 [3]北京师范大学心理学院,北京100875

出　　处：《心理学报》2010年第8期845-852,共8页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：江苏省教育科学十一五规划课题(C-b/2008/01/029);苏州大学‘211工程’三期重点学科建设项目‘和谐社会视域中的弱者权益保护

摘　　要：听写困难是一种发生率较高的儿童学习障碍现象。实验考察笔画语音编码和动作编码对听写困难儿童字形记忆水平的影响。结果发现,笔画语音编码对听写困难儿童的字形记忆成绩没有明显影响,但却明显促进了正常儿童的字形记忆成绩;与之相对,动作编码对正常儿童的字形记忆成绩没有明显影响,但却明显促进了听写困难儿童的字形记忆成绩。上述现象,既可能源于编码加工阶段,也可能源于字形表征的提取阶段。Spelling difficulty（SD） is a kind of learning disorders.Children with SD have deficits in graphic memory.Because of the complexity in graphic representation,Chinese characters are difficult to be memorized only by visual encoding.Other encoding ways are needed to improve graphic memory.The aim of the present study is to investigate the influence of motor encoding and visual encoding to the graphic memory of children with SD.In the first experiment,effects of visual encoding and visual-motor encoding on graphic memory of children with SD and children without spelling difficulties（CNSD） were compared.First,participants were asked to learn a series of simple psudo-characters either in visual condition（only seeing the characters） or in visual-motor condition（tracing the character with finger while seeing the character）.After a mental arithmetic task,their performances were tested by using a free recalling task.As a follow-up experiment,in experiment 2 we are going to investigate whether stroke phonetic encoding could help improve the effect of visual-motor encoding on graphic memory of children with SD.The procedure was the same as in Experiment 1,except that visual condition was changed into visual-motor-phoneme condition.In the new condition,participants were asked to learn the psudo-character together through seeing the character,tracing with finger and speaking out the pronunciation of every stroke.In experiment 1,1） main effect of encoding mode and group were significant.Psudo-character memory performance of all participants under visual-motor condition was higher than under visual condition;and global performance of children with SD was poorer than children without SD.2） Interaction between encoding mode and group was prominent.Visual-motor encoding can significantly improve recalling performance of children with SD,but have no significant effect for children without SD.In experiment 2,1） main effect of group was not significant,and that of encoding mode was only marginal significant.The c

关 键 词：听写困难 语音编码 动作编码 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]