企业利益相关者导向:组织特征与外部环境的影响  

Stakeholder Orientation and Organizational Performance:Moderation Effects of Organizational Characteristics and External Environment

作　　者：何新明[1] 林澜[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学管理学院

出　　处：《南开管理评论》2010年第4期56-61,共6页Nankai Business Review

摘　　要：本研究的前期成果及其它相关研究已证实了企业利益相关者导向,包括客户导向、竞争者导向、股东导向、供应商导向、员工导向等,对组织绩效存在显著的积极影响,及企业所有制对二者关系的影响。本文在此基础上,进一步探讨企业的其它组织特征包括行业、规模与发展阶段,对企业利益相关者导向的影响,以及外部环境因素对利益相关者导向与组织绩效间关系的调节效应。本研究依据文献和逻辑分析,提出了相应的理论假设,并通过实证研究方法对理论假设进行了检验。研究结果显示,制造业企业的利益相关者导向高于服务业企业,不同规模企业的利益相关者导向差异不显著,利益相关者导向随着行业生命周期而逐步降低。另外,利益相关者导向作为企业一贯的价值观,它对组织绩效的积极作用并不受外部环境的影响。The previous studies, including the findings in the first part of this research project, have largely confirmed the positive influence of the stakeholder orientation, comprising customer orientation, competition orientation, employee orientation, shareholder orientation, and supplier orientation, of the firm on organizational composite performance, and the effects of the organizational ownership on the linkage stakeholder orientation and performance. However, the impact of organizational traits on this orientation and the moderating effects of external environment remain underresearched. Based on past findings, this research extends our knowledge by investigating the effects of some other characteristics of the firm, including the industry, scale and development phase of the firm, on the firm＇s stakeholder orientation, and the moderating effect of external environment on the relationships between stakeholder orientation and performance. We raised theoretical hypothesis following literature reviewing and analysis. We suggest that the level of manufacturing firms＇ stakeholder orientation will be higher than that of service companies; the stakeholder orientation level of SMEs will be higher than that of large scale companies; the stakeholder orientation level of firms will be higher at a later industrial development stage. In addition, we also argue that the relationships of takeholder orientation and business performance will be moderated ,y external environment, including market turbulence, competitive intensity, and technological turbulence. Through a questionnaire survey, we identified Chinese firms＇ stakeholder orientation that inludes orientation to customers, employees, shareholders, suppliers, and competitors. We then tested our hypothesized relationships with 37 companies surveyed. Our findings show that on average manufacturing firms＇ stakeholder orientation, customer orientation, emoyee orientation, competitor orientation, and supplier orientation e higher than service companies; there is insign

关 键 词：组织特征 外部环境 利益相关者导向 组织绩效 

分 类 号：F270[经济管理—企业管理]