心算加工年老化及其机制研究  

ON MENTAL ARITHMETIC WITH INCREASING AGE AND ITS MECHANISM

作　　者：刘昌[1] 李德明[1] 李贵芸[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所

出　　处：《心理学报》1999年第3期306-312,共7页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金!39570258

摘　　要：以172名20－79岁成人为被试对心算加工的年老化过程及其机制进行了研究。任务为连续减法心算，依难度分为5种：1000－1、1000－3、1000－7、1000－13及1000－17。结果表明，年龄与心算难度存在明显的交互作用，且随着年龄增加，不同难度心算效率均以幂函数形式降低。结构方程建模分析发现心算加工年老化过程存在两个中介作用因子，即速度因子和非速度因子，且速度因子对非速度因子存在明显的正效应。A study on menta arithmetic with increasing of age and its mechanism wasaccomplished in 172 normal subjects of from 20 to 79 yeare of age. Five mentalarithmetic tasks, '1000- 1', '1000-3', '1000-7', '1000- 13' , '1000- 17', weredesigned with a serial calculation in which the subjects sequentially subtracted thesame prime number (1, 3, 7, 13, 17) from another number 1000. The results indicatedthat: (1) There was an obvious interaction between age and mental arithmetic, andmental arithmtic efficiency (the ratio of accuracy to RT) decreased in power funtionwith the advancing of age; (2) There were two mediators (latent variables) which wererelative to speed component and non-speed component respectively in the aging processof menta arithmetic, and speed component had significant effect on non-speedcomponent.

关 键 词：心算 年龄 结构方程建模 记忆 心理活动 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]