“如果P,那么Q,……?”─—儿童充分条件假言演绎推理能力发展初探  

If P, then Q, … ?"─—A PRELIMENARY STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ABILITY FOR ADEQUATE CONDITIONAL SYLLOGISTIC REASONING WITH THE INTER-INDIVIDUAL DIFFERECES IN SCHOOL CHILDREN

作　　者：方富熹[1] 方格[1] 朱莉琪[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《心理学报》1999年第3期322-329,共8页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金!"儿童认知能力的发展与促进的研究";39730180

摘　　要：以日常生活事件为内容的三套测验题探查了9－15岁儿童充分条件假言推理能力的发展。研究发现被试有关能力的发展可以区分出三种不同水平；儿童对充分条件假言推理规则的掌握没有固定的难易顺序，这取决于课题任务的性质和主体思维发展水平。研究还探查了发展的个体内部差异和个体之间的差异以及影响差异的各种内外因素。Attempt was made to investigate the development of ability for the adequateconditional syllogistic reasoning with the inter-individual differences in school children.Three deductive syllogistic tasks with verbal materials were individually presented tothe subects at age 9, and at ages 12 and 15. The statements of each task containeddifferent propositions, all of which referred to the experimental contexts available toall school children. The results were shown that: (1)Three developmental levels of theability for the syllogistic reasoning were identifiedf Level 1(level of occrrence. Thechildren at mis level could only solve some parts of the tasks (such as reasoning theform of affirmation of antecedents). The syllogistic reasoning depended on thesustenance of the perceptual experiences; Level 2(transitional level). The ablities ofcombinatorial proposition and operational thenking were enhanced at this level ofchildren, however the syllogistic reasoning was frequently constrained by the concretecontexts of the tasks; Level 3(mature level). The ability of assumed thinking incoordination with the ability of deductive reasoning were developed. The 'forms'were liberated from the contexts in this level. The syllogistic reasoning better accordedwith the logic rules as well. (2) The same subject and the subjects at different agesmastered four basic logic rules in relation with deductive reasoning investigated withdifferent sequences, which depended on the contexts and the natures of the tasks,also on the levels of operational thinking of the individuals. The developmental levelsof the subjects for syllogistic reasoning were affected by the qualities of schoolingand family education, also by the levels of intelligence of the subjects.

关 键 词：假言演绎推理 个别差异 儿童心理学 

分 类 号：B844.1[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]