普通话早期儿童趋向动词习得个案研究——以“上、下”两组趋向动词为例  

A Case Study of the Acquisition of Directional Verbs by a Pūtōnghuà Speaking Child——with shànɡ and xià types as examples

作　　者：邹立志[1] 周琳[2] 程莉维[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学文学院 [2]首都师范大学初等教育学院

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2010年第3期423-431,共9页Chinese Teaching in the World

基　　金：北京市哲学社会科学"十一五"规划项目(06BaWY014);北京市教委项目(SM200710028003);北京市优秀人才项目(20071D0501600225);北京市"中青年骨干人才培养计划"项目的支持

摘　　要：本文对一名1;2—3;7普通话儿童"上、下"两组共六个趋向动词的习得情况作了详尽的追踪考察,包括它们习得的时间序列、产出频率、语义发展规律等,我们发现儿童趋向动词习得在认知发展上反映出"路径→结果→时间"的隐喻投射;在语义发展上,基本上演绎了汉语历时发展上"空间→路径→结果→状态→时间"实义虚化的过程;在语法发展上,体现出"词汇范畴→词汇—语法范畴→语法范畴"的转变。总的看来,儿童的语义—语法发展跟他们的认知发展基本一致,不过语用频率因素可能压倒认知原则从而使某些词义习得违背一般的习得序列,但我们认为这些词义的语用频率之所以高,归根到底还是认知语义决定的。我们的研究支持基于认知功能的语言习得观。In this paper, we have made a case study of the acquisition of shàng （上） and xià（下）type directional verbs by a child during a period from her 12 months old to 42 months old. Our study includes the time sequence, the output frequency, and the semantic development rules of the acquisition. It is shown in the data that the acquisition of directional verbs has reflected, in children＇ s cognitive development, the metaphor-projecting mechanism of ＇ path→result→time＇ ; In the semantic development, it has basically reflected the process of grammaticalization of ＇ space→path→result→state→time＇ , just like that of the diachronic development of the Chinese language ; and in the grammatical development, it has embodied the process of transition of ＇ lexical categorization →lexico-grammatical categorization →grammatical categorization ＇ Generally speaking the semantic-grammatical development of children is correspondent with their cognitive development, but the factor of the pragmatic frequency may go beyond the cognitive rules. The result of our study supports the usage-based theory of language acquisition theory.

关 键 词：趋向动词 语言习得 认知 语用 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]