中日幼儿“所有”关系的跨文化研究  

A CROSSCULTURAL STUDY ON THE STRUCTURE OF POSSESSION BETWEEN CHINESE AND JAPANESE CHILDREN

作　　者：山本登志哉 张日昇[2] 片成男 

机构地区：[1]日本奈良女子大学文学部 [2]北京师范大学发展心理研究所,北京100875 [3]日本神户大学文化研究科

出　　处：《心理学报》1999年第2期200-208,共9页Acta Psychologica Sinica

摘　　要：对中国北京市和日本京都市的各一所幼儿园小班幼儿团体进行自然观察，利用动物行为学的社会等级矩阵等方法分析幼儿之间围绕一定资源所发生的相互作用，考察了幼儿团体中的所有关系是否由他们之间的支配-从属关系或等级制所现定。所得主要结果如下：①中日幼儿团体的社会等级矩阵的稳固性与直线性都比较低。②他们在社会等级矩阵上的等级和由班主任评定的争夺力量分数，领导性分数之间都没有显著相关。③从幼儿之间的社会关系图来看，他们之间的关系并非直线式，而更类似于循环式。总之，研究结果表明，所研究的幼儿团体里其成员之间的所有关系，与中日婴儿团体一样，也不是由不平等的等级制所规定的。This research used natural observation method, observed two groups of Chinese and Japanese children aged 3.4 to 4.4 years. Children's interactions over the one of objects were recorded. The data was analyzed to find out whether these interactions were organized under rank order like Dominance Hierarchy or not. The findings were;1) both rigidity and linearity of the Dominance Matrixes were low in Chinese and Japanese groups. 2) both in the Chinese and Japanese groups, there were no significant correlations between their rank on the Matrix and the values of their strength and leadership which were rated by teachers. 3) dominant = subordinate relationships among children in both groups were not linear but complicated. Overall findings demonstrated that as to the possession these two groups of children which have Chinese and Japanese cultural background were not organized by Deminance Hierarchy.

关 键 词：幼儿团体 社会等级矩阵 所有关系 等级制 

分 类 号：B844.1[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]