知识分类与知识表征——评赖尔的知识分类和围绕它的争论  

Knowledge Classification and Knowledge Representation——Comments on Ryle' s Knowledge Classification and the Criticisms about It

作　　者：王建安[1] 叶德营[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学科学技术与社会发展研究中心,浙江杭州310028

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2010年第4期13-18,共6页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：浙江大学语言与认知研究国家创新基地资助

摘　　要：近年来赖尔的知识分类引起了哲学界的新争论。争论的焦点是,"知道如何"是否意味着能力,以及"知道如何"是否只是一种特殊的"知道什么"的知识。本文在明确区分知识的内部表征和外部表征的基础上,利用认知心理学和认知神经科学的研究成果,分析了赖尔的分类及其批评者的意见,指出赖尔的分类仍应坚持,只是须将"知道如何"理解为内部表征的程序性知识,将"知道什么"理解为内部表征的陈述性知识;但"知道如何"并不等同于能力,能力不仅与"知道如何"有关,也与"知道什么"有关,还与身体状况有关,而能力的实际发挥甚至还需要某些外部条件。In recent years there is again much dispute over Ryle's knowledge classification scheme.The dispute focuses on whether 'know how' means capability and whether it is a kind of 'know that'.Based on the distinction between internal and external representation of knowledge this paper contends that Ryle's knowledge classification scheme should be maintained providing that 'know how' is understood as internally represented procedural knowledge and 'know that' internally represented declarative knowledge;but 'know how' is not equal to capability,the latter not only entails 'know how',but also involves 'know that' and an appropriate physical state,and its performance even requires some environmental conditions.

关 键 词：知识分类 知识表征 能力 

分 类 号：N0[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]