非熟练中-英双语者英语句子语义通达的语境效应  

The Effect of Context on Semantic Access of Second Language Sentences Among Less Proficient Chinese-English Bilinguals

作　　者：赵俊华[1,2] 莫雷[2] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学哲学院心理系,武汉430072 [2]华南师范大学心理应用研究中心,广州510631

出　　处：《心理学报》2010年第9期920-928,共9页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(05JZD00034);广东省自然科学基金研究团队项目(06200524)资助

摘　　要：设计不同的语境条件,并采用图-词语义一致性判断来探测非熟练中-英双语者英语句子的语义通达性,结果表明,在无语境条件、语义无关动画或语义相关文本伴音语境下,非熟练中-英双语者表现出英语句子语义通达的非选择性,而形象和语义一致的动画语境能使他们有效限制对等的L1句子构成词汇的激活,并表现出目标句语义通达的选择性。这说明,语境可以影响弱势语识别阶段的非选择激活,相关的语境影响双语通达的理论也由此被讨论。One of the most important issues in the study of bilingual language processing is cross-language interference. From the perspective of development-oriented researchers, less proficient bilinguals lack the cognitive control to suppress activation of non-target language （L1） while highly-proficient bilinguals have. Contradictory to this proficiency-dependent assumption, it is found that certain context could help less proficient bilinguals to constrain the accessibility of non-target language by means of top-down processing mechanism, though the constraint does not spread to lexical level. According to Duyck et al. （2007）, the lexical level activation could be attributed to inadequate contexts. While previous research focused on the lexical access, the primary objective of the present study is to determine whether the effect of context would also apply to semantic access of sentences. We assume that less proficient bilinguals could as well suppress the activation of words and sentences of non-target language if given appropriate context. 176 college students （44 in each of the 4 experiments） in their junior year, none majored in English, were asked to report number of years they had spent in learning English and their proficiency in English. The results showed that their proficiency in second language has no significant difference compared to subjects of other studies. Tasks were programmed with and displayed by E-prime 2.0. The basic procedure involved 1） a sentence comprehension task （e.g., The man is chasing a thief.） following a context （or no context）; 2） a decision task in which a picture accompanied with a L1 verb was presented and participants were asked to judge whether the verb had the same meaning with that conveyed by the picture as quickly and accurately as possible. Different contexts characterized the four experiments. Reaction time and accuracy were measured automatically by computers and analyzed with SPSS 13.0. Participants responded faster and more accuratel

关 键 词：双语 语义通达 熟练性 语境 认知控制 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]