稀硝酸硝化机理研究及与亚硝酸亚硝化的比较  

Nitration Mechanism of Dilute Nitric Acid and Nitrosation Comparisons with Nitrous Acid

作　　者：谭靖辉[1] 唐新军[1] 梁建军[1] 唐淑贞[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南化工职业技术学院,湖南株洲412004

出　　处：《广州化工》2010年第9期44-45,84,共3页GuangZhou Chemical Industry

摘　　要：通过对稀硝酸及稀硝酸中微量亚硝酸电离过程的分析,结合质子酸碱理论,认为稀硝酸中不能形成H+和NO3-缔合生成的质子碱"离子对",因而不存在"离子对"接受质子形成质子化的硝酸并进一步电离产生亲电质点NO2+;亚硝酸存在两种电离平衡方式,稀硝酸电离产生的质子能促使亚硝酸电离产生亲电质点NO+;稀硝酸硝化是亲电取代-氧化反应机理,稀硝酸中微量的亚硝酸为亲电反应试剂,稀硝酸为化学氧化剂并对其原因作了阐述;对稀硝酸硝化与亚硝酸亚硝化进行了比较。By the analysis of ionization process of dilute nitric acid and trace nitrous acid,combined with proton theory of acids and bases,the conclusion was made as that the H＋ and NO-3 can not associate to form protonation base ion pairs and hence the ion pairs can not accept proton to form protonation nitric acid and ionize to produce electrophilic particles NO＋2 futher.The nitrous acid can reach double ionization equilibrium,the proton created by ionization of dilute nitric acid can prompt ionization of nitrous acid to yield electrophilic particles NO＋,the reaction mechanism nitration of dilute nitric acid followed electrophilic substitution-oxidation reaction mechanism trace nitrous acid in dilute nitric acid was electrophilic reagent and dilute nitric acid was chemical oxidant.The comparison between nitration of dilute nitric acid and nitrosation of nitrous acid was made.

关 键 词：离子对 亲电质点 反应机理 亲电试剂 化学氧化剂 

分 类 号：TQ111.26[化学工程—无机化工]