氨基酸对体外培养瘤胃微生物生长及发酵的影响  

Effects of Amino Acids on the Rumen Microbes Growth and Fermentation in vitro

作　　者：王洪荣[1] 徐爱秋[1] 王梦芝[1] 李世霞[1] 王欢莉[1] 张红伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,扬州225009

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2010年第9期1109-1116,共8页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(2006-2008)"反刍动物瘤胃微生物氨基酸组成的调控机制研究"(30571344)

摘　　要：旨在研究体外培养条件下氨基酸对瘤胃微生物群系特征以及发酵的影响。以4头安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的徐淮山羊羯羊为瘤胃液供体,采用人工模拟山羊瘤胃发酵装置。通过特定氨基酸缺省底物的方法,设定5个处理组:全量氨基酸(AA)组(A组)、蛋氨酸缺省组(B组)、赖氨酸缺省组(C组)、支链氨基酸缺省组(D组)以及芳香族氨基酸缺省组(E组)。研究结果表明:培养液pH均在6.01～6.45之间变化,均值以C组(-Lys)最高为6.23;氨氮浓度变化范围为7.98～29.05mg·100mL-1,均值以A组(全量AA)最高为18.16mg·100mL-1;4组特定AA的缺省对瘤胃微生物(细菌和原虫)的限制性作用(相对于全量AA组)排序为(由大到小):支链氨基酸(BCAA)>芳香族AA(ARAA)>蛋氨酸>赖氨酸;P/B比值以B组最高为101.37%,D组最低为88.22%,微生物AA-N、细菌AA-N和原虫AA-N分别以E组、D组和E组最高,均以C组最低;微生物的遗传指纹图谱表明细菌和原虫内部菌群结构因特定AA缺省底物而发生了相应的变化。在体外培养条件下,氨基酸对瘤胃微生物群系的生长以及发酵具有一定的影响。This experiment was conducted to study the effects of AA on rumen microbes and fermentation in vitro.Four Xuhuai wether goats fitted with permanent ruminal cannulas were used to provide rumen liquor in vitro.The special amino acids removal method was applied.Treatments of total amino acid（Group A）,Met-removal（Group B）,Lys-removal（Group C）,Branchchain amino acid-removal（Group D）,Aromatic amino acid-removal（Group E）were designed.The results of the study showed that the pH-value ranged between 6.01and 6.45,and the highest mean value appeared in group C（6.23）.Concentration of NH3-N ranged from 7.98to 29.05 mg·100mL^-1,with the highest mean value occuered in group A（18.16mg·100mL-1）.The order of the restricted role of AA-specific default on rumen micro-organisms（bacteria and protozoa）was that：BCAA？ARAA？Methionine？Lysine.The highest of P/B ratio was group B（101.37%）, and the lowest was group D（88.22%）.The highest of microbial AA-N ratio,bacteria AA-N, protozoa AA-N was group E,group D and group E,respectively,and the lowest of them was group C.Microbial diversity was demonstrated in SSCP fingerprint clearly,which revealed that the structure of bacteria or protozoa community was altered by substrates.Amino acid influences both on fermentation and microbial community in vitro.

关 键 词：氨基酸 混合瘤胃微生物 发酵 PCR-SSCP 

分 类 号：S827[农业科学—畜牧学] S816.11[农业科学—畜牧兽医]