凡纳滨对虾幼体采食不同蛋白日粮的免疫与消化率特征研究  

The Characteristics of Immunity and Digestibility About Juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei Fed with Different Protein Diet

作　　者：夏苏东[1,2] 李勇[1,2] 王文琪[3] 唐士桥[1] 王美琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所,山东青岛266071 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]青岛农业大学动物科技学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2010年第5期76-81,共6页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)重点项目(2006AA100305)

摘　　要：在室内养殖条件下,进行单因素随机设计动物试验,即5种饲料蛋白质水平(31%、35%、39%、43%、47%,以A～E组表示)处理,投喂平均体重0.2g的凡纳滨对虾(Litoenaeus vannamei)幼体,养殖60d。研究结果表明,蛋白质营养对幼虾的生长、免疫与抗氧化指标和消化率特征影响显著。随着饲料蛋白水平的升高,特定生长率显著增加,饲料系数下降,E组的2项指标最好,分别为5.52%/d和1.96。高蛋白质含量饲料有利于提高对虾免疫指标水平,血淋巴中血细胞浓度、T-AOC活力、POD活力、溶菌酶活力、总蛋白含量随着饲料蛋白质水平提高而显著增加,各项指标E组最高,比A组分别显著提高133.7%、21.1%、16.8%、20.8%、19.7%(P<0.05);而SOD活力C组最高,与A组差异显著。凡纳滨幼虾对蛋白质的消化率随饲料蛋白质含量增加显著升高(P<0.05),E组比A组提高8.2%。通过饲料蛋白质水平与特定生长的回归分析,获得凡纳滨对虾幼体最大生长饲料蛋白质需要量为46.5%。The consequences of dietary protein levels on growth performance, immunity, anti - oxidation and feed digestibility of Litopenaeus vannamei were investigated in tank trials. Shrimps （0.2 g） were fed diets with five different protein levels （31% , 35% , 39% , 43% and 47% ） for 60 days. The results showed that variations in dictary protein significantly （P 〈 0.05 ） influenced growth performance, immunity ty. As the increasing of dietary protein levels, the SGR increased significantly Shrimps fed 47% dietary protein diet had the maximal special growth rate （5 anti -oxidation and feed digestibili- and the FCR decreased significantly; 52%/d） and the minimal feed conversion （1.96）. The total hemocyte counts, T - AOC activity, POD activity, LZM and total protein content in haemolymph were enhanced with the increase of protein content in the diet. Comparing with 31% protein content group, the above 5 indicators of 47% protein content which was the best group were enhanced by 133.7%, 21.1% ,16. 8% ,20.8% ,19.7% respectively （P 〈0. 05）. The protein digestibility ranged between 75.06% and 81.20% , and showed a positive correlation with the dietary protein levels. Based on the regression of the special growth rate and dietary protein levels, the optimum protein requirement for juvenile white - leg shrimps is 46.5 %.

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 蛋白质营养 免疫力 蛋白质消化率 生长性能 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]