生物力学在运动控制与协调研究中的应用  

Application of Biomechanics in the Study of Motor Control and Coordination

作　　者：刘宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院运动科学学院,上海200438

出　　处：《体育科学》2010年第11期62-73,共12页China Sport Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30871210);上海市科委计划项目(08490512700);上海市高校特聘教授"东方学者"资助计划

摘　　要：介绍了生物力学与运动控制有关的术语、研究技术以及原理,并对文献进行了综述。研究发现,人体运动不仅受到主动的肌肉力矩的影响,也受到重力矩、接触力矩以及由运动产生的惯性力矩的影响,通过肢体运动的动力学可以对这些控制人体运动的力矩分量进行量化分析,据此,探讨人体运动如何受到主动力矩和被动力矩的影响,特别是运动过程中出现的环节间的相互作用现象,根据这一方法获得的结果也可推估运动的神经控制机制。肌肉收缩可以直接作用产生肢体运动,肢体运动又随之引起被动的反作用力矩反过来影响运动,在运动控制与发展过程中,神经肌肉系统就是通过对肌肉收缩力矩的调节与控制,达到对外力矩(外在环境)和被动的、由运动引起的(motion-dependent)惯性力矩的平衡与适应,进而完成或发展出一个有效率和协调的肢体动作。The application of biomechanics techniques in the study of neuromotor control has a significant impact on the generating new insights into the control of movement.In this paper,biomechanical terms,research techniques,principles and literatures related to neuromotor control are introduced and reviewed.It is reported that limb movements are influenced not only by active muscle torque,but also by gravitational torque,contact torque and passive interaction torques created by segment movement.The limb dynamics allows us to quantify the torques and led to insights and predictions about neuromotor control and coordination of human movement.Muscle contraction can function directly to cause and control limb movement or to counteract interactive torques arising from mechanical interactions between limb segments.Under the regulation of nervous system,muscle function is actually to employ and /or counteract the different passive torques in order to achieve an efficient and coordinated limb movement.

关 键 词：运动控制 肢体动力学 关节肌肉力矩 惯性力矩 

分 类 号：G804.6[文化科学—运动人体科学]