明清民间教派中的道教因素  

Daoism elements in the popular sects of Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：刘平[1] 唐雁超[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学历史文化学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《安徽史学》2010年第6期22-28,共7页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：教育部人文社科基地重大项目<中国民间宗教与社会转型研究>的阶段性成果;项目批准号为2009JJD730003

摘　　要：明清民间教派在明代中后期开始兴起,以真空家乡、无生老母和三佛应劫、末劫救世为信仰。它是在明代三教合一的思想背景下兴起的,并从儒、释、道三教中吸取了有益成分,因此与道教之间有着很深的渊源。明清民间教派中道教色彩浓厚的教派众多,这些教派体现出了道教世俗化、民间化的诸多流行要素,包括符箓、咒术、庞杂的神灵谱系和医术等等。明清民间教派从道教中吸收的重要养分就是内丹修炼方法,其中的无为教、黄天教、三一教、闻香教、圆顿教等教门都与道教的内丹道有着直接或者间接的关联。清代中后期,内丹修炼说在八卦教等教门中流衍为坐功运气之说,并在晚近时期进一步演变成为气功武术。Popular sects of Ming and Qing Dynasties rose from Mid - Ming period, they believed in immortal old mother, home of vacuum, ＂Three Buddhas will save the world one by one＂ and millennium. Their beliefs were mixed up with traditional popular culture and religious belief. Popular sects of Ming and Qing Dynasties were not Daoism, nor Buddhism or Con- fucianism, though it contained certain elements from the three of them. Popular sects of Ming and Qing Dynasties contained a lot of Daoism elements, including charm, gods, medical skill and so on. As to Chinese martial arts and medicine, they are also important contents which the sects practicing. Many of contemporary Chinese martial arts come from those popular sects.

关 键 词：明清 民间教派 三教合一 道教 气功武术 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学] K249[历史地理—中国史]