净水工艺中的微生物群落结构与优势菌  

Microbial community structure and predominant bacteria in water purification process

作　　者：向红[1,2,3] 吕锡武[1] 尹立红[2] 朱光灿[1] 刘冉[2] 苏耀耀[2] 杨飞[2] 

机构地区：[1]东南大学能源与环境学院,南京210096 [2]东南大学公共卫生学院,南京210009 [3]贵州省疾病预防控制中心,贵阳550004

出　　处：《东南大学学报（自然科学版）》2010年第3期630-635,共6页Journal of Southeast University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：江苏省建设厅科技计划资助项目(JS2007-JH22)

摘　　要：采用PCR-单链构象多态性（PCR-SSCP）技术对生物活性炭滤池与生物强化净水工艺中的微生物群落结构和多样性进行分析,并利用最大可能数法研究生物活性炭滤池与生物强化滤池中可培养的优势菌.实验结果表明,混凝、砂滤及生物强化过滤净水工艺对微生物的群落结构均无明显影响;生物活性炭净水工艺则可使原水微生物群落多样性降低,这是由于活性炭对微生物具有的较强吸附作用所致.通过分析R2A培养基上生长的微生物群落,发现各生物滤池中可培养的微生物群落具有丰富多样性,且滤池间Dice遗传相似系数为0.69-0.86,即群落种类差异较小.生物活性炭滤池与生物强化滤池中可培养的主要优势菌为巨大芽胞杆菌、短小芽胞杆菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌、弗劳地枸橼酸杆菌、豚鼠气单胞菌、恶臭假单胞菌和肺炎克雷氏菌等.将PCR-SSCP技术与传统培养方法相结合,可分析生物滤池中的优势菌群,提高饮用水的生物处理能力.The microbial community structure and diversity in biological activated carbon and the biologically-enhanced filtration processes are analyzed by polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism（PCR-SSCP）.The culturable predominant bacteria in the biological activated carbon filter and the biologically-enhanced active filter are investigated by the most probable number method.The results show that water purification processes of flocculation,sand filtration and biologically-enhanced filtration have no remarkable effect on the microbial community structure.However,due to the powerful adsorption for microorganisms on activated carbon,the diversity of the microbial community of the raw water is reduced after the biological activated carbon process.The analysis results of the cultivable microbial communities on R2A medium show that the cultivable microbial diversity in biofilters is comparatively rich.The Dice similarity coefficients among filters range from 0.69 to 0.86,which indicate that the differences in community species are not obvious.The main culturable predominant bacteria in the biological activated carbon filter and biologically-enhanced active filter are Bacillus megatherium,Bacillus pumilus,Bacillus cereus,Citrobacter freundii,Aeromonas caviae,Pseudomonas putida and Klebsiella pneumoniae.The combination of the PCR-SSCP technique and the conventional culture method can explore predominant bacteria in biofilters and improve efficiency in biological water treatment.

关 键 词：生物活性炭工艺 生物强化过滤 微生物群落结构 群落多样性 优势菌 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]