非法证据排除规则的中国模式  

Chinese Mode of Illegal Evidences' Exclusion

作　　者：陈瑞华[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《中国法学》2010年第6期33-47,共15页China Legal Science

摘　　要：我国新颁行的两部司法解释确立了颇具特色的非法证据排除规则。诸如对"强制性排除"与"自由裁量的排除"的确立,针对若干程序瑕疵所建立的"可补正的排除"规则等,都体现了该项规则在实体构成方面的特点。而包括程序审查优先、法庭初步审查、程序性裁判、证明责任倒置等规则的确立,则意味着该项规则在程序实施方面所具有的一些创新性。改革者不仅要推动该证据规则的颁行,更应关注该规则的有效实施问题。而为了有效实施这一证据规则,改革者需要构建针对侦查行为合法性问题的司法审查机制,确立以司法裁判为中心的诉讼构造,并就刑事司法体制的改革问题进行进一步的探索。Two judicial interpretations promulgated recently in China have established the exclusionary rules of illegal obtained evidence with our own characteristics. ＂Mandatory exclusion＂, ＂discretionary exclusion＂ and ＂remediable exclusion＂ which is used to some procedural flaws all reflect the traits of the exclusionary rules in the aspect of substantial elements. The other procedural rules, such as the priority of procedural examination, preliminary judicial examination, procedural verdict and reversion of burden of proof, exemplify the innovations of the exclusionary rules in the aspect of procedure implementation. The reformers should not only enact the exclusionary rules, but also pay more attention to the effective implementation of the rules. In order to achieve this goal, reformers should construct the judicial examination system which is used to review the legality of the investigations, try to establish the litigant construction with judicial verdicts as its centre and make further exploration in the field of reform of criminal judicial system.

关 键 词：非法证据排除规则 强制性的排除 自由裁量的排除 可补正的排除 程序性裁判 证明责任分配 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]