“小大之辩”与“有无之辩”——《庄子·逍遥游》新析  

"Differentiation Between the Small and the Great" and"Differentiation Between Having and Not Having": A New Interpretation of A Happy Excursion by Zhuangzi

作　　者：林榕杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学人文学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2010年第6期60-66,74,共8页Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目"百年道学精华集成"(09JZD0005)

摘　　要：在《庄子·逍遥游》中,"小大之辩"揭示了"逍遥游"的主体,因此也可说是"逍遥游"主体之辨。"小大之辩"还涉及与"逍遥游"相关的时空大小之辨。至人、神人、圣人都可说是逍遥游的主体,从某种意义上讲至人高于神人、神人高于圣人。庄子的"大言"是与"大知"相联系的,人们可借助其"大言"走向"逍遥"与"无为",因此其"大言"并非无用。惠子认为庄子的"大言"大而无用,与他仅有"小知"而无"大知"有关。在《逍遥游》中,为充分理解"逍遥游"以及"小大之辩",需结合"有无之辩"。"小大之辩"从某种意义上可说是局限性大小之辨,而"有无之辩"可说是在特定方面局限性有无之辨。In A Happy Excursion by Zhuangzi,the＂differentiation between the small and the great＂（DBSG） illuminates the subjects in ＂the happy excursion＂.It can therefore be seen as the differentiation of various subjects in the＂happy excursion＂.It also concerns DBSG in space and time in the＂happy excursion＂.The perfect man,the supernatural man and the wise man are all seen as the subjects in the＂happy excursion＂.In a sense the perfect man is superior to the supernatural man,and the supernatural man to the wise man.Zhuangzi＇s＂great words＂ are related to his＂great wisdom＂,and people can draw on his＂great words＂ to move toward the＂happy excursion＂ and＂non-action＂.Therefore his＂great words＂ are not useless.Huizi believed that Zhuangzi＇s great words were great but useless,which shows that Huizi had only＂small wisdom＂ rather than＂great wisdom＂.This paper argues that,in order to fully understand the＂happy excursion＂ and DBSG in Zhuangzi＇s Happy Excursion,it is necessary to take into consideration the＂differentiation between having and not having＂.To some extent DBSG refers to differentiation between great limitations and small limitations,whereas the＂differentiation between having and not having＂ refers to having and not having limitations in a specific aspect.

关 键 词：《庄子·逍遥游》 小大之辩 有无之辩 

分 类 号：B223.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]