论康德的大学教学思想  

Comment of University Teaching by Kant

作　　者：熊华军[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学教育学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《中国地质大学学报（社会科学版）》2010年第6期55-60,共6页Journal of China University of Geosciences(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：西北师范大学"知识与科技创新工程"项目(NWNU-KJCXGC-SK0303-11)

摘　　要：康德认为,在自由和自治的大学里,真正的大学教师是学者,他能公开地运用自己的理性,有权要求检审社会中发生的一切事情。为了促进理智的进步,学者以培养出能自己独立思考、站在他人的立场上思考、时时和"人"一致地思考的人为己任。为此,学者需要教人公开地运用自己的先天禀赋,需要在后天中把人塑造成生活中的自由行动者。为了达到这个目标,康德的教学与研究相统一。在具体的教学中,康德按照中等接受能力和根据学生的情况授课,同时不断启发学生独立思考。可见,康德的大学教学理念由创造理性规定,这深刻地影响了后来的洪堡改革。From Kant＇s point of view,in the free and autonomous university,the genuine teacher is the scholar who can use his rationality openly and has the ability to exam all the matters in the society.In order to promote the progress of the society,the scholar should take full responsibility for cultivating the person who can think by himself,concern others＇ standpoint and ponder the thing from a person＇s point.Therefore,the scholar needs to teach the person to use his congenital talent publicly at first,and then shapes him as a free actor in the life.In order to achieve the goal,Kant unified the teaching and the research.In the concrete teaching,Kant lectured according to the medium acceptance and the students＇ status.At the same time,he inspired the students to think independently and continuously.Thus,Kant＇s university teaching thinking was stipulated by the creative rationality which then affected the Humboldt＇s reform greatly.

关 键 词：康德 大学教学 学者 人 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]