铁路车轮周向脊肋阻尼结构振动声辐射控制的初步探讨  

Primary Investigation into Vibration and Acoustic Radiation Control ofRailway Wheel with Circumference Damping Ridger Structure

作　　者：何宾[1] 肖新标[1] 金学松[1] 房建英[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,四川成都610031

出　　处：《铁道学报》2010年第6期22-28,共7页Journal of the China Railway Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(50821063);铁道部科技研究开发计划(2008J001-A;2009J001-A);西南交通大学高层次教师队伍建设系列计划

摘　　要：为了弄清周向敷设脊肋式约束阻尼铁路车轮减振降噪机理,将铁路车轮简化成同样比例尺度的等厚圆盘,并在圆盘上敷设周向分布脊肋约束阻尼,分析其振动-声辐射特性。基于混合有限元-边界元法,建立了敷设约束阻尼结构的圆板系统振动-声辐射模型。其中,系统的振动响应由实体有限元模态叠加法计算得到,约束阻尼结构的阻尼效应通过结构模态损耗因子来考虑。进而将系统振动响应作为声学边界元的初始条件,用基于声学边界元法的软件SYSNOISE计算得到系统的声辐射。考虑到计算阻尼结构模态损耗因子的精度与计算耗时情况,对复特征值法和模态变形能法进行了分析比较。数值计算中,考虑了两种不同截面形式的周向脊肋及其布设位置对系统振动声辐射的影响。结果表明,周向脊肋对降低系统振动声辐射有积极作用,其效果与脊肋截面形状和布设位置有关。本文的分析为低噪声车轮的设计提供重要的参考。In order to investigate the vibration and noise reduction mechanism of railway wheel with constrained damping structure of circumference distributed ridgers,the wheel is simply modified by a full-sized disc on which circumference constrained damping ridgers are distributed.Based on a hybrid FEM-BEM method,the paper puts forward a vibro-acoustic radiation model for such a distributed constrained damping structure.In the procedure,the dynamic response of the structure is obtained by the 3D finite model superposition method and the effect of the damping structure is appraised with the structural mode loss factor.Then,the obtained vibration response is used as the initial boundary condition for the sound radiation analysis with the commercial code SYSNOISE.In order to clarify the precision and the computing time in calculating the structural modal loss factor with different methods,the paper compares the complex eigenvalue method with the modal strain energy method.The numerical simulation takes account of two different cross sections of the circumference damping ridger and their distribution on the disc.The results show that,the circumference damping ridger has a positive effect on the reduction of vibro-acoustic radiation,and its control effect is associated with the ridger＇s cross section shape and its location.The present analysis provides an important reference for railway damping wheel design to reduce the vibration and noise of the wheel.

关 键 词：轮轨噪声 振动声辐射 周向阻尼脊肋 降噪 

分 类 号：U260.331.1[机械工程—车辆工程]