饲料中黄曲霉毒素B_1和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇对鲤鱼的联合毒性研究  

Combinative effects of aflatoxin B_1 and deoxynivalenol on Cyprinus carpios in feed

作　　者：何成华[1] 樊彦红 王莹[1] 皇超英[1] 王希春[1] 张海彬[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学动物医学院,江苏南京210095 [2]吴江市农业委员会,江苏吴江215200

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2010年第6期85-89,共5页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家863计划项目(2007AA10Z429);国家自然科学基金项目(A200748;A200955);江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目(CX(08)135)

摘　　要：为了探讨黄曲霉毒素B1(aflatoxin B1,AFB1)和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON)两种真菌毒素单独或联合应用对水产养殖的影响,本试验选用鲤鱼270尾(体重为(18±0.1)g),均分为9组,每组设3个平行,2个平行组进行试验观察和统计,1个平行组作为试验过程中解剖检查用。试验采用二因素三水平设计,AFB1的含量分别为0、0.05和0.1mg·kg-1,DON的含量分别为0、1和5mg·kg-1。试验期为40d。每20d进行增重、体长、丰满系数的检测。试验结束时进行肝胰脏重/体重值、血清生化指标(碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、白蛋白(ALB)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总蛋白(TP))检测以及肝胰脏、脾脏和肠道的组织学检查。试验结果表明:除1mg·kg-1DON组外,其他7个试验组鲤鱼的增重都明显受到抑制(P<0.05),但在体长、丰满系数等方面差异不显著(P>0.05)。生化指标中AST活性增加明显(P<0.05)。肝脏的病理变化为肝细胞变性、坏死;肠道为肠黏膜脱落、绒毛萎缩,而毒素对脾脏的影响较小。两种毒素联合作用后毒性具有一定的协同效应。This study aimed at the individual and combined toxicity of aflatoxin B1 （ AFB1） and deoxynivalenol （ DON） on Cyprinus carpios. Two hundred and seventy Cyprinus carpios （ weight was （ 18 ±0. 1） g） were divided into 9 groups. Three duplications were designed for every group. The one worked for the anatomy during the study and the other two worked for the observation and analysis,respectively. The experiment was designed with two factors and three levels. The final contents of AFB1 and DON was 0,0. 05,0. 1 mg·kg -1 and 0,1,5 mg·kg -1,respectively. The experiment lasted for 40 d. The weight gain,body length,coefficient of fatness,hepatopancreas weight/body weight ratio,blood biochemical and the pathologic histology of the liver,spleen and intestinal tract were checked every 20 d. All test groups could lessen the weight gain of Cyprinus carpios except the 1 mg·kg -1 DON group （ P〈0.05）. However,the difference of the body length and coefficient of fatness were not significant （ P 〉0.05）. The aspartate aminotransferase （ AST） increased significantly in all biochemical indicators （ P〈 0. 05）. The cell degeneration and necrosis were observed in liver of Cyprinus carpios. The loss of intestinal mucosa and villous atrophy were observed in the intestinal tract. The change of spleen was not significant. The results showed that whatever the toxins were separated or combined,it could reduce the performance of the fishes. These changes would be more serious with the higher concentration of the toxin.

关 键 词：黄曲霉毒素B1 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 鲤鱼 生长性能 

分 类 号：S859.82[农业科学—临床兽医学]