基于生态位理论的居住区位及居住空间分异  

A Study of Residential Location and Residential Space Differentiation Based on the Niche Theory

作　　者：张力[1] 李雪铭[1] 张建丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学城市与环境学院,大连116029

出　　处：《地理科学进展》2010年第12期1548-1554,共7页Progress in Geography

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目(08JA810012);国家自然科学基金项目(40871078)

摘　　要：将生态位理论应用于居住区研究,家庭月收入、户主文化程度作为居住态评价因素,交通条件、区位、生活条件、自然环境作为居住势评价因素,构建居住生态位评价模型。该模型在对居住区评价时更好的体现居民因素,比先前区位评价方法更为全面,能更好的解释由于居民因素变化而导致的居住区位变化。对大连建成区37个街道进行居住态、居住势、居住生态位评价,并以居住生态位为切入点,分析不同居住生态位等级的街道居住态及居住势状况,探究居住生态位、居住势、居住态空间分布规律及空间相互关系。进一步研究居住态,从居住态角度分析大连居住空间分异。最后得出结论为大连市居住生态位呈现以中心繁华城区为核心由中心向外围的环带状分布,居住态呈现由东南向西北递减的趋势,高低值区域交错布局空间分布状况,大连市居住空间分异与居住生态位区位分布不完全一致。The requirements of the resident living environment,with China＇s urban construction and real estate development,emphasizes the overall assessment of the location.Foreign scholars study living conditions mainly from the aspects of safety,health,convenience and comfort.They focus on the assessment and determine the economic effects.Chinese scholars study the living conditions based on the evaluation and analysis of living conditions of human settlements.Niche is an important concept in biology.With the continuous development of the niche concept,its application is expanding.Geologists apply niche theory mainly in urban niche.Some scholars also apply the theory of niche in research on living conditions. Niche theory is applied in the study of residential zone.The community property data of the residents including residential state,nature,transport,service facilities and other objective factors are regarded as the basis for residential potential.The theory makes up the shortcomings in the previous studies of residential location.The theory combines the resident factors and objectively environmental factors and can better explain the factors that change as a result of the residents living district change.Family income and education level are the evaluation factors of residential state,and traffic conditions,location,living conditions and natural environment are the evaluation factors of residential potential.The paper builds a location evaluation model that evaluates the residential niches of 37 zones located at the built-up area in Dalian and analyzes the spatial characteristics of the locations on the basis of residential state and residential potential.We also study the residential state and analyze residential space differentiation of Dalian. It is concluded that the residential niche spatial differentiation of Dalian presents a distribution of the downtown area and other zones from the center to the periphery,and a residential state decreasing from southeast to northwest with high and low values staggered,which

关 键 词：生态位 居住区位 居住空间分异 居住态 居住势 大连 

分 类 号：F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学]