家庭环境与4～5岁儿童注意缺陷多动障碍发生的单因素分析  

Univariate analysis on family environment to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among children aged 4～5 years old

作　　者：孙言平[1] 孙殿风[2] 

机构地区：[1]滨州医学院临床学院,山东滨州256603 [2]滨州职业学院医学系,山东滨州256600

出　　处：《中国儿童保健杂志》2010年第12期994-996,共3页Chinese Journal of Child Health Care

基　　金：山东省教育厅科技计划项目(J09LF62)

摘　　要：【目的】调查学龄前儿童注意缺陷多动障碍（attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD）发生情况,探讨家庭环境与ADHD发生的关系。【方法】采取问卷调查和专家访谈相结合的方式,调查山东省滨州市2 136名4~5岁儿童ADHD患病情况;应用自编家庭环境问卷对患儿家庭环境进行测评。【结果】1）ADHD患病率：总患病率为5.85%,其中男童检出率为7.34%（84/1 145）,女童检出率为4.14%（41/991）,男童检出率明显高于女童（χ2=9.87,P〈0.01）;2）家庭环境：单亲或重组家庭、家庭成员间关系紧张、父母经常在家庭中使用暴力、父亲有不良嗜好是ADHD发生的危险因素;父亲文化程度高是保护因素。儿童不同居住地之间、独生子女与非独生子女之间、母亲不同受教育程度之间,其儿童ADHD患病率差异均无统计学意义。【结论】ADHD患病率为5.85%,男童检出率高于女童;不良家庭环境在儿童ADHD的发生中起一定作用。【Objective】 To survey the incidence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD） in preschool chil-dren,and explore the relation between family environment and the occurrence of ADHD.【Methods】 The present re-search attempts to make a qualitative as well as a quantitative analysis by use of questionnaire and interview.Based on the methodology,a total of sample of 2 136 children aged 4~5 years in Binzhou were randomly stratified sampled out.Family environment was investigated by Family Environment Scale.【Results】 The overall incidence of ADHD of children aged 4 ~5 years old was 5.85%,including 7.34% males（84 /1 145）,4.14% females（41 /991）,the prevalence of ADHD of male was much more than that of female（2χ=9.87,P0.01）.Family environment：the risk factors of child ADHD were living in single-parent or a remarriage family,tight family relationships,frequent use of violence of mother and /or father,and bad hobbies of father.Having well-educated fathers was a preventive factor.The difference in the incidence of ADHD was not statistically significant in the factors of residence,whether the victim was the only child and education of the mother.【Conclusions】 The overall incidence of ADHD of children aged 4~5 years old is 5.85%,the male＇s is higher than the fe-male＇s.Adverse family environment may have an impact on the occurrence of children ADHD.

关 键 词：注意缺陷多动障碍 学龄前儿童 患病率 危险因素 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]