中国近代心理学史上的丁韪良及其《性学举隅》  

Ding Weiliang and His Xing Xue Ju Yu in the History of Modern Chinese Psychology

作　　者：阎书昌[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学教育学院,石家庄050024

出　　处：《心理学报》2011年第1期101-110,共10页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目基金资助(09YJCXLX006)

摘　　要：传教士丁韪良出于借心理学来传播宗教的目的在1898年出版了《性学举隅》,这是融入了许多西方科学心理学知识的中文心理学著作。中国最早开设心理学课程的登州文会馆的两名毕业生在丁韪良撰写《性学举隅》过程中进行了笔述工作。丁韪良曾为益智书会撰写心理学教材但未完成,益智书会转而出版了颜永京的《心灵学》(上本)。以丁韪良及其《性学举隅》为纽带,19世纪后半叶中国近代心理学发展进程中的几个重要事件构成了一副较完整的历史图景,反映出中国近代心理学的发展与宗教传播有着密切联系。《性学举隅》吸收了当时西方心理学前沿性的生理心理学知识,向中国引介了催眠术和颅相学知识,并对中国的"五官说"、"七情说"进行了修正与补充,同时也借用了汉字的造字法来阐述其部分心理学观点。由于丁韪良向中国传播心理学是其宣传宗教思想的手段之一,而颜永京译述海文原著的《心灵学》更倾向于向中国传播心理学这一学科,强调了心理学与众多学科的联系和应用价值,因此丁韪良在心理学术语创制上的历史功绩要逊于颜永京。颜永京于1882年将psychology翻译为"心才学",这是目前发现心理学学科的最早汉语翻译名称。Xing Xue Ju Yu 性学举陨 （Introduction to psychology） was written by the American missionary Ding Weiliang （W. A. E Martin）. As one of the earliest books on psychology written in Chinese, it was published in 1898. This book contains three prefaces written by Qing premier Li Hongzhang, Luo Shanzhi and Ding, which was written in a form of question and answer. It contains a brief outline, with fifteen chapters in the first volume named Ling Cai 灵才, and fourteen chapters in the second volume named Xin De 心德. In this publication on psychology, Ding introduced the state-of-the-art psychological knowledge in the West, largely in the field of physiological psychology, along with some psychological theories, such as hypnotism and phrenology. Ding and his Xing Xue Ju Yu were important to the development of modern psychology in China. His works on psychology and other related persons and events constructed a historical sketch on the development of modern Chinese psychology during the second half of 19th century. The completion of Xing Xue Ju Yu was benefited from Luo Shanzhi and Ji Ce＇ao, both of whom graduated from Tengchow College. The college was founded by Di Kaowen （C. W. Mateer） and was the earliest school to offer courses on psychology. Psychological courses （named as Xin Ling Xue 心灵学 in Chinese） were introduced in Tengchow College in 1876. With abundant knowledge in psychology, the two graduates were successful in helping Ding to complete this psychological text written in Chinese. Ding greatly appreciated their work of embellishment. Ding was prepared to write a textbook on psychology for the School and Textbook Series Committee （Chinese name was Yi Zhi Shu Hui 益智书会） , which was founded in Shanghai in May 1877 on the General Conference of Protestant Missionaries of China. However, his other heavy translating works hindered its completion. The first volume of Xin Ling Xue translated by Yan Yongjing from Joseph Haven＇s Mental Philosophy was published by the School an

关 键 词：丁韪良 《性学举隅》 中国近代心理学 登州文会馆 颜永京 

分 类 号：B84-09[哲学宗教—基础心理学]