拮抗酵母菌对沙糖桔采后绿霉病的抑制作用  

Inhibition Effect of Antagonist Yeasts on Postharvest Green Mold(Penicillum digitatum) of Shatangju Mandarin

作　　者：黄雪梅[1] 汪跃华[1,2] 徐兰英[1] 庞学群[3] 张昭其[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学园艺学院/广东省果蔬保鲜重点实验室,广州510642 [2]佛山科技学院生命科学院 [3]华南农业大学生命科学院

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2011年第1期4-8,12,共6页South China Fruits

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(2005B20501003;2008A020100022);国家科技部"十一五"科技支撑项目(2006BAD22B06);国家基金广东省联合基金重点项目(U0631004)资助

摘　　要：采用在NYDB上共培养酵母菌与绿霉菌Penicillium digitatum孢子、酵母菌防御接种沙糖桔果实后,挑战接种绿霉菌孢子的方法,研究了几株酵母菌对沙糖桔采后绿霉病的控制效果。结果表明,膜醭毕赤酵母Pichia membranaefaciens Hansen和深红酵母Rhodotorula rubra Demme Lodder显著抑制绿霉菌孢子萌发和芽管生长,有效减少沙糖桔绿霉病发生率及病斑数;添加2%NaHCO3可增强膜醭毕赤酵母的抗病效果,添加2%CaCl2对深红酵母的抗病效果有轻微的增强作用。4个拮抗剂组合均能提高沙糖桔果皮几丁质酶活性,以添加2%NaHCO3的拮抗菌制剂的几丁质酶活性最高。膜醭毕赤酵母和深红酵母可作为防治沙糖桔采后病害的拮抗菌,NaHCO3适合作为膜醭毕赤酵母制剂的添加剂,该制剂能有效地诱导几丁质酶活性增加,提高拮抗防病效果。The effects of 4 yeasts,Rhodotorula glutinis,Debaryomyces hansenii,Pichia membranaefaciens and Rhodotorula rubra,on the control of green mold（Penicillum digitatum） were evaluated on harvested Citrus reticulata cv.＇Shatangju＇ fruit,by culturing both the yeast and the pathogen in nutrient yeast dextros agar（NYDB） suspension,and then inoculating the fruit with the cultures.Results showed that P.membranaefaciens and R.rubra apparently inhibited the germination and growth of P.digitatum spores.Adding 2%of NaHCO3 significantly increased the inhibitory effect of P.membranaefaciens while adding 2% of CaCl2 slightly enhanced the effect of R.rubra.The inoculation of fruit with these yeast preparations increased the chitinase activity in fruit peel.The best inhibitory effect was the combination of P.membranaefaciens with 2%NaHCO3.The results suggested that P.membranaefaciens and R.rubra could be used as antagonists against postharvest Shatangju fruit rot,and that NaHCO3 was suitable as an active ingredient in commercial yeast preparations for its remarkably activating effect on chitinase which was thought to play an important role in combating fungus diseases in plants.

关 键 词：沙糖桔 采后病害 绿霉病 酵母菌 拮抗作用 

分 类 号：S436.66[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]