中学生的学校人际关系特点及其与社会适应的关系  

On the Characteristics of High School Students' Interpersonal Relationships at School and Their Relations with Social Adaptation

作　　者：曾荣[1] 张冲[1,2] 邹泓[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学发展心理研究所,北京100875 [2]中央教育科学研究所心理与特殊教育研究中心,北京100088

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2010年第12期72-77,共6页Chinese Journal of Special Education

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目(05JJDXLX001)资助

摘　　要：采用问卷法研究了1791名不同年级、性别、学校类型中学生师生关系与友谊质量的特点,结合同伴特征和问题行为分析了学校氛围对中学生学校人际关系的影响,并探讨了中学生学校人际关系与社会适应的关系。结果发现:(1)中学生的师生关系总体上重点校好于非重点校,初一、高一好于高二,在亲密性和支持性维度上,年级与学校类型、年级与性别的交互作用显著;(2)中学生的友谊质量总体上重点校好于非重点校,高一、初一略好于初二,女生好于男生,学校类型与年级的交互作用显著;(3)重点校拥有不良同伴的学生和问题行为较多的学生比例均显著少于非重点校;(4)师生关系与友谊质量各维度可以预测中学生社会适应过程中的自我肯定、自我烦扰和社会疏离感。This study, by using a questionnaire to test 1791 high school students in different grades and school types, aims to explore the characteristics of the teacher-student relationship and the students＇ friendship quality. The article analyzes the effect of the school atmosphere on the high school students＇ interpersonal relationships at school in line with the peer group＇s characteristics and problem behavior, and probes into the relationship between the high school students＇ interpersonal relationships at school and their social adaptation. The results show the following： （1） The teacher-student relationship at key high schools is in general better than that at ordinary high schools; the teacher-student relationship at the first-year junior or senior high school is better than that at the second-year senior high school; in the dimensions of closeness and support, there is significant interaction between the grade and the school type, or between the grade and sex. （2） The students＇ friendship quality at key high schools is in general better than that at ordinary high schools; such friendship quality at the first-year junior or senior high school is a little better than that at the second-year junior high school; the friendship quality of the girls is better than that of the boys; there is significant interaction between the school type and the grade in the students＇ friendship quality. （3） The key high schools have a significantly lower proportion of students either with bad peers and or with more problem behavior than ordinary schools. （4） The dimensions of the teacher-student relationship and the quality of friendship can be used to predict the high school students＇ self-affirmation, self-annoyance and social alienation in the course of their social adaptation.

关 键 词：中学生 师生关系 友谊质量 学校氛围 社会适应 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学]