青少年结果预期与评价的ERP研究  

Outcome Prediction and Evaluation in Young Adolescents:A Study of Event-Related Potentials

作　　者：陈晶[1] 索涛[1] 袁文萍[1] 冯廷勇[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学心理学院,重庆400715 [2]认知与人格教育部重点实验室,重庆400715

出　　处：《心理学报》2011年第2期152-163,共12页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(30800292);211三期工程国家重点学科建设项目(NSKD08007);教育部人文社科规划项目(07JAXLX009);西南大学研究生科技创新基金优博项目(KY2009013)资助资助

摘　　要：大脑不断地对环境事件产生预期并将这些预期与实际结果进行比较,通过对反馈刺激的结果评价以优化后续行为。采用抽奖式赌博任务范式,操纵得奖的确定性程度,利用事件相关电位技术(ERP),研究青少年结果预期与评价的认知和神经电生理过程,以成人作为对照组进行比较分析。研究结果表明:(1)在反映自动、快速结果评价的FRN上,无论在高确定性还是在低确定性条件下,青少年与成人均未表现出显著性差异;(2)组别与确定性程度在P300波幅上表现交互作用显著,简单效应分析表明,在高确定性条件下,青少年组输、赢的P300波幅表现出差异;而成人组输、赢的P300波幅无显著性差异。青少年对反馈刺激自动的快速结果评价能力已接近成人水平,而对反馈刺激功能意义评价的控制加工能力还未发展成熟。People can generate anticipations from the environmental events and comparing them with the actual results constantly, by evaluating outcomes of feedback information to facilitate the performance of the behavior. Outcome evaluation, the process of evaluation that people act on their own or through external feedback results, is an important cognitive function of human. In event-related potential （ERP） research on the outcome evaluation or feedback processing, feedback-related negativity （FRN） and P300 were important components particularly induced by evaluating performance outcomes in adult subjects. Adopting a paradigm of lottery gambling task and manipulating the reward-related certainty, the present study investigated the cognitive and neural electrophysiological processes of outcome anticipation and evaluation in young adolescents, and compared the results with adults’, which as the control group.Event-related brain potentials （ERPs） were measured when 15 healthy right-handed junior high school students did a lottery-gambling task. The participants were told that the red ball would immediately stop on the box it was passing by once they press the button. The red ball stopping on the green part indicates their gain, whereas, the gray part indicates their loss in the trail. We mainly analyzed ERPs elicited by the gain and loss feedback outcomes following two certainty conditions. The results showed that： Feedback Related Negativity which reflects the automatic rapid outcome evaluation showed not significant differences between adolescents and adults, whether in the high or low certainty condition. whereas, P300 which reflects the controlled elaborately outcome evaluation of the functional significance of feedback stimulus was sensitive both to groups and certainty conditions, which showed a significant interaction. Simple effects analysis showed that, in the high-certainty condition, the difference between amplitude of P300 elicited by gain and loss were significant in adolescents; however, there

关 键 词：青少年 结果预期 结果评价 FRN P300 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学] B845[哲学宗教—心理学]