不同程度考试焦虑个体对威胁性刺激注意机制的差异  

The Attentional Bias to Threat Stimuli in Test-anxious Students

作　　者：陈睿[1,2] 刘潇楠[3] 周仁来[1,2,3,4] 

机构地区：[1]东南大学儿童发展和学习科学教育部重点实验室,南京210096 [2]东南大学学习科学研究中心,南京210096 [3]北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室,北京100875 [4]北京师范大学应用实验心理北京市重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《心理科学》2011年第1期151-154,共4页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金："长江学者和创新团队发展计划"(IRT0710);"北京师范大学创新研究群体发展计划"(2008~([54]))资助

摘　　要：本研究采用线索提示实验范式,旨在考察考试焦虑个体对与考试有关和与考试无关刺激在注意机制上的差异。研究选取被试149名,分别采用TAS,STAI-T以及BDI量表进行高、低考试焦虑被试的筛选。问卷结果显示,TAS与STAI-T、BDI均有较高的正相关。行为实验结果显示,高、低考试焦虑个体对与考试相关的刺激在注意卷入上不存在显著差异,但是与低考试焦虑个体相比,高考试焦虑个体对与考试相关的刺激上出现了注意脱离困难。This study aimed to investigate the differences of attentional processing between threat and non-threat stimuli in high and low test-anxious students.A total of 149 undergraduates took part in three questionnaire surveys to be divided into high and low test-anxious groups.These questionnaires included Sarason Test Anxiety Scale（TAS）,Trait Scale of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory（T-STAI）, and Beck Depression Inventory（BDI）.According to these scores,21 high test-anxious and 20 low test-anxious students were selected to participate in the subsequent behavior experiment to be tested by a cue target paradigm.Experimental materials included test-related neutral pictures and test-unrelated neutral pictures.In this paradigm,each trial began with two light grey boxes and a light grey central fixation cross for 1000ms.A picture cue stimulus then appeared within one of the two grey boxes for 100 ms,and 14 ms blank mask later,a target（asterisk） was presented in one of the two grey boxes until a response was made or until 3000 ms had elapsed.The cue and target might appear in the same location or in the opposite locations.The participants were instructed to press one of two horizontally-positioned buttons on a keyboard,using the index finger of each hand,to indicate as quickly and accurately as possible the type of target.There were an equal number of trials with each type of cue valence（test-related and test-unrelated） and target location（left and right）,and the trials were presented in a new random order for each participant.For the results from the questionnaires,the detection rate of high test-anxiety was 27.52%in the undergraduates.It increased 6 percentage points in contrast with 2001.Meanwhile,it showed high positive correlations between TAS and T-STAI,also TAS and BDI.This result implied that there were few pure test-anxious students in the university;almost test-anxious undergraduates accompanied the symptoms of trait anxiety and depression.Furthermore,from the results of behavior experiment,it

关 键 词：考试焦虑 注意卷入 注意脱离 大学生 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]