创造性任务情境下社会惰化影响因素研究  

A Research on Factors of Social Loafing in Creative Tasks

作　　者：李晓丽[1] 阎力[2] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学心理学系,苏州215123 [2]苏州大学应用心理学研究所,苏州215123

出　　处：《心理科学》2011年第1期160-165,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

摘　　要：研究一,采用单因素组间设计(合作组、名义组、个人组)检验创造性任务情境下是否存在社会惰化效应,结果显示:合作组状态下个体努力水平显著低于名义组,与个人组差异不显著;研究二,采用三因素组间设计(4×2×3)探讨创造性任务情境下社会惰化影响因素,结果显示:目标难度、绩效评估变量主效应显著且存在交互作用,而中期评估变量主效应不显著。研究结果提示:高难度目标、评估个体对群体的贡献可减弱创造性任务情境下的社会惰化效应。For decades,psychologists have studied the social loafing effect and its factors in many different situations,but rarely explored them in a creative-task situation.The creative task is different from the non-creative task.The former needs more intelligence-input in which it emphasizes the power of motivation much more.This study broke away from the thinking pattern of＂goal-process-result＂to explore the social loafing effect and its influencing factors in the creative-task situation,hoping to improve and enhance the individual creative level in the group situation. This study consists of two sub-studies,and the dependent variable was the level of individual effort which was composed by two components：intensity and quality.Effort intensity was measured by the fluency of the individual divergent thinking output,and effort quality was measured by the originality,flexibility and persistency of the individual divergent thinking output. The first study was to test whether there existed the social loafing effect in creative activities.36 volunteers were randomly divided into several groups,and then assigned to experimental treatment at different levels（cooperation group,nominal group, individual group） to test the difference in individual effort levels. The second study focused on the influencing factors of social loafing in the creative activities.144 volunteers were separated into 24 groups,who were randomly assigned to the experimental treatment to test the impact on the level of individual efforts from goal difficulty（high,medium,low,the control group）,mid-term evaluation（mid-term evaluation,no mid-term evaluation） and performance evaluation（to evaluate the contribution of the individual to the group,not to evaluate the contribution of the individual to the group,the control group）. The results were as follows： 1.The level of individual efforts had a significant difference in different types of group.Cooperation group stated the lowest level of individual efforts,followed by an individual grou

关 键 词：社会心理 创造力 社会惰化 目标难度 中期评估 绩效评估 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]