中古佛典与汉语受事主语句的发展——兼谈佛经翻译影响汉语语法的模式  

The medieval Chinese Buddhist scriptures and the development of the Chinese patient-subject clause:A case study on the pattern of the effect of the Buddhist scripture translation on Chinese grammar

作　　者：朱冠明[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院,北京100872 [2]中国社会科学院语言研究所,100732

出　　处：《中国语文》2011年第2期169-178,192,共10页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"基于梵汉对勘的<正法经华>语言研究"(项目批准号:06CYY015);"第一批博士后科学基金特别资助金"(编号:200801160)的资助

摘　　要：汉语"话题—评论"式受事主语句在中古时期出现了一种新的类型,即动词后不再用"之"来回指受事主语。这类受事主语句在汉译佛典中有较多用例,它的产生和发展一方面是汉语自身的因素所致,另一方面,更重要的则是受到佛经原典语OV结构的影响。文章通过梵汉对勘材料证明了这种影响,并在此基础上分析了佛经翻译这种通过书面语言接触而影响汉语语法发展的基本模式。In medieval Chinese,there appeared a new type of the patient-subject clause with the 'topic-comment' structure,in which the resumptive pronoun zhi(之)was no longer used after the verb.This paper finds that there are more patient-subject clauses of the new type in the Chinese translation of Buddhist Scriptures.It argues that besides the spontaneous evolution of the construction itself,the OV word order in Sanskrit Buddhist Scriptures had an important effect on the development of the new type.Based on a Sanskrit-Chinese comparative analysis,the paper analyses the effect pattern involved in the translation of the Buddhist scriptures from Sanskrit into Chinese.

关 键 词：中古佛典 受事主语句 语言接触 梵汉对勘 模式 

分 类 号：H141[语言文字—汉语] H059