长期施用磷肥对甘薯主要品质性状与淀粉RVA特性的影响  

Effects of long-term phosphorus fertilization on quality and starch RVA characters in sweetpotato

作　　者：唐忠厚[1] 李洪民[1] 张爱君[1] 史新敏[1] 孙健[1] 朱红[1] 徐飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院甘薯研究所,江苏徐州221121

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2011年第2期391-396,共6页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：农业部行业计划项目(NYHYZX07-012-01C);徐州甘薯国家野外科学观察试验站资金项目(2005DKA1030020012008)资助

摘　　要：选择4个不同淀粉类型甘薯品种为材料,以1980年建立的砂壤质潮土土壤肥力与肥料效益长期监测基地(徐州点)的长期肥料定位试验为研究平台,研究了对照(CK)、氮钾处理(NK)与氮磷钾处理(NPK)3种处理下对甘薯主要品质性状和RVA特性的影响。结果表明,施磷处理增产效果显著(F=7.45,P<0.01),徐薯18增幅最大,达45.49%,而且有利于甘薯块根内干物质积累,4个品种干率表现为NKP>NK;淀粉量差异都呈显著或极显著水平(F=4.28,P<0.01),其中,徐薯18和徐薯22增幅分别达57.89%和60.1%。施磷有利于甘薯蛋白质的积累,以豫薯10增幅最大,达37.89%,但甘薯块根含糖量(可溶性糖与还原糖)出现不同程度下降趋势。4个品种甘薯淀粉RVA谱表现为典型的A型或C型特征,长期施磷(NPK)处理与NK处理甘薯淀粉RVA特征谱参数存在明显差异,4个品种最高粘度值(PKV)差异明显(F=10.26,P<0.01);徐薯18最低粘度值(HPV)差异达极显著水平,其它处理差异程度不一;徐薯18、徐薯25最终粘度(CPV)差异呈极显著水平,豫薯10呈显著差异;徐薯18、徐薯22崩解值(BDV)差异显著,豫薯10回复值(CSV)呈极显著差异。4个品种在各处理下出峰时间与糊化温度差异均不显著。A long-term located field for fertilizer experiment established in 1980 in Xuzhou were conducted to investigate the effects of long-term phosphorus （P） fertilization on quality and starch RVA （rapid visco analysis）characters in four sweet potato cultivars with different starch contents. There were three treatments, the CK（ without fertilization） , fertilizer NK and fertilizer NPK. The results show that under the long-term P treatments （between NPK and NK）in four sweetpotato cultivars,production-increasing effect is highly significant （F = 7.45, P 〈0. 01 ） ,the increase rate of Xushu18 production is the largest, up to 45.49%. It has an efficient contribution to protein synthesis and dry matter accumulation. The dry matter rates of four cultivars with NKP treatment are all higher than those of the NK treatment. The increased protein content of Yushul0 is the largest increase, up to 37. 89%. The differences of the starch content are significant or highly significant （ F =4. 28 ,P 〈 0. 01 ） , and the starch increase rates of Xushul8 and Xushu22 are up to 57.89% and 60. 1% , respectively. However, There are some downward trends on sugar contents （ reducing sugar and soluble sugar） in sweetpotato roots. The RVA curve of sweetpotato starch shows a typical A or C -shape. The differences of peak viscosity （PKV） arc highly significant in four eultivars under the long-term P treatments （ F = 10.26, P 〈 0. 01 ）. There are extremely significant differences of cold paste viscosity （CPV） in Xushu 18 and Xushu 25, significantly different in Yushu 10. There is significantly different of hot paste viscosity （HPV） in Xushu 18, significant differences of breakdown viscosity （BDV） in Xushu 18 and Xushu 22, and the consistence viscosities （CSV） in Yushu 10 are obtained between the two treatments. Moreover, there are no significant differences of peak time and pasting temperature in four cultivars under the long-term P treatments.

关 键 词：甘薯 长期定位试验 磷肥 品质性状 RVA谱特征 

分 类 号：S531.01[农业科学—作物学] S143.2