论康德《判断力批判》中鉴赏与道德的关系  

The Relationship between Appreciation and Morality in Immanuel Kant's Critique of Judgment

作　　者：卢云成[1] 

机构地区：[1]昆明学院政法系,云南昆明650031

出　　处：《云南民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2011年第2期137-143,共7页Journal of Yunnan Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：关于美和善(道德)之间的关系,一直是西方哲学史上比较热门且重要的话题,包括康德在内的哲学家们,一般都倾向于认为两者之间具有一种亲缘性。因此,弄清楚康德关于两者关系的论述,对于理解他的美学、伦理学甚至整个哲学体系都非常重要。在康德的《判断力批判》中,鉴赏和道德是相互关联的,彼此之间具有一种互利互惠性,一方的发展同时也促进了另一方的完善。与此同时,两者又都具有独立性和自主性,也就是说,鉴赏只能最大限度地促进道德的发展,而道德只能不断地为鉴赏奠基。康德关于鉴赏与道德关系的论述并不存在西方一些学者认为的似乎陷入了"解释上的循环论证",而是指出了鉴赏与道德之间存在着一种深刻的关联:一方面,美促进了道德的发展,因而从与道德的关系上讲,康德美学作为"不纯粹伦理学"(impure ethics)的一部分,可以使"纯粹伦理学"(pure ethics)能够最终适用于人类,即作为有限的理性存在者;另一方面,出于道德发展的考虑,我们有义务要求自己和他人不断地发展鉴赏力,以对自然美产生一种基于道德的兴趣,从而使有着善良意志的人能够更好地欣赏美。The connection between beauty and goodness/morality has been a much debated topic in Western philosophy,and the major philosophers,including Kant,usually incline to argue that there is an affinity in them.For Kant,this connection plays an important role in understanding his aesthetics,moral philosophy and even his philosophy as a whole.His Critique of Judgment argues that appreciation and morality are interdependent and mutually beneficial,but they are still independent.In other words,the former can greatly help the development of the latter while the latter can only help lay a basis for the former.His argument reveals a close connection between appreciation and morality which has been misunderstood as ＂interpretive cyclicism＂ by some Western philosophers.One the one hand,Kant＇s aesthetics as a part of his ＂impure ethics＂ can make ＂pure ethics＂ applied to humans as living beings of limited reason;on the other hand,the development of morality requires all of us to constantly develop the ability of appreciation and an interest in natural beauty.As a result,those who have a good will can better appreciate beauty.

关 键 词：康德 鉴赏 道德 互惠性 

分 类 号：B83[哲学宗教—美学]