甲醛对洋葱根尖细胞的遗传毒性效应  

Ecotoxicological Effects of Formaldehyde on Root Tip Cells of Onion

作　　者：龚莉[1] 许建军[1] 

机构地区：[1]安庆师范学院生命科学学院,安庆246011

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2011年第2期215-218,共4页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：安徽省高校省级自然科学项目(KJ2010B088)

摘　　要：将不同浓度(0.1%、1.0%、1.5%和3%)的甲醛溶液作为诱变剂,分别处理洋葱根尖24、36和48h。通过常规染色体压片技术,观察洋葱根尖细胞有丝分裂现象。研究甲醛对洋葱根尖细胞有丝分裂指数(MI)和染色体畸变的影响,探讨甲醛的遗传毒性和洋葱作为甲醛污染指示植物的可行性。结果表明:不同浓度的甲醛溶液均能使洋葱根尖细胞有丝分裂指数明显下降;且有丝分裂指数与甲醛浓度呈负相关(R=-0.93),回归方程为Y=-1.061X+7.034。同时还发现,不同浓度的甲醛均能导致多种类型的染色体畸变。结论为甲醛对洋葱根尖细胞有明显的细胞毒性和遗传毒性;有丝分裂指数与甲醛浓度呈负相关;根尖有丝分裂指数可以作为监测环境中甲醛含量的参考指标,应用于甲醛污染的监测。Using different concentrations（0.1%,1.0%,1.5% and 3%）of formaldehyde as a mutagenic substance to treat the onion root tips for 24 h,36 h and 48 h,respectively.Then the phenomenon of its caryomitosis was observed by chromosome-tabletting technique.The aim of this study is investigate the genotoxicity of formaldehyde and the feasibility of formaldehyde pollution.Additionally,effects of formaldehyde on the mitotic index and the chromosomal aberration in cells of onion root tips was studied.The results show that formaldehyde with all concentrations significantly decreased the chromosome index.Mitotic index was negatively correlated to formaldehyde concentration（R=-0.93）,the regression equation was Y=-1.061X＋7.034.Simultaneously,formaldehyde with all concentrations could induce various chromosome aberrations.It can be concluded that formaldehyde has cytotoxicity and inherent toxicity to the cells of onion root tip.Formaldehyde concentration is negatively related to mitotic index of root tip.Therefore,Mitotic index can be used as a reference for monitoring the formaldehyde content in the environment.Onions can be applied to formaldehyde pollution monitoring.

关 键 词：甲醛 洋葱 有丝分裂指数 染色体畸变 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]