儿童社会观点采择的发展及其与同伴互动关系的研究  

THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN'S SOCIALPERSPECTIVE-TAKING AND ITS RELATIONTO THEIR PEER INTERACTIONS

作　　者：张文新[1] 林崇德[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学教育系,济南250014 [2]北京师范大学发展心理研究所,北京100875

出　　处：《心理学报》1999年第4期418-427,共10页Acta Psychologica Sinica

摘　　要：采用经过标准化处理的观点采择故事对幼儿园大班和小学二、四、六年级儿童的社会观点采择能力进行测量，利用录像观察技术和同伴评定法分别测定幼儿园大班和小学儿童的同伴社会互动经验，考察儿童社会观点采择的发展及其与同伴互动经验之间的关系。研究发现：（１）幼儿园大班儿童在准确采择他人观点方面还存在较大困难，６—１０岁为儿童社会观点采择能力快速发展的时期，１０岁左右的小学儿童能够根据有关事件信息准确推断他人的观点。（２）儿童的社会观点采择能力不存在性别差异。（３）儿童的社会观点采择能力与儿童的同伴互动经验有密切的联系，儿童同伴之间的社会互动对儿童社会观点采择能力的发展有积极影响，在同伴关系中处于孤立地位、同伴社会互动经验过分缺乏的儿童，其社会观点采择能力的发展显著地落后于高同伴互动经验组的儿童。Standardized social perpspective taking stories were used as measures to determinethe social perspective--taking ability of children respectively from the top class ofkindergarden and grade 2, 4 and 6 of elementary school. Children's experience ofpeer social interactions was measured via videotaping observation for the kindergardenchildren and Peer assessment for the elementary school children. The main purposesof the present study were focused on the development of children's social perspectivetaking, and its relation to their social experience of peer interactions. The resultindicated: (1) The 6--years olds still had diffculties in their social perspective taking,while the fourth graders of elementary schools (about 10 years old) could makecorrect inference of other's perspectives using the story information. Childrenexperienced a rapid growth in their social perspective--taking ability from age 6 to 10.(2) No gender differences were found in children's social perspective--taking ability. (3)Children's social perspective-taking ability was closely related to their experience ofpeer interactions Children's peer interaction had a positive effect on the developmentof their social perspective--taking ability, and the isolated children extremely lacking ofexperience of peer interactions lagged behind their highly sociable peers in thedevelopment of social perspective--taking.

关 键 词：社会观点采择 社会认知 儿童 社会互动 

分 类 号：B844.1[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学] C912.6[哲学宗教—心理学]