话语标记“谁知”的共时与历时考察  

Synchronic and Diachronic Investigations of the Discourse Marker "Sheizhi(谁知)"

作　　者：胡德明[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学国际文化与教育学院,321004 [2]安徽师范大学文学院,241000

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2011年第3期67-72,共6页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社科2006年度规划项目(项目编号:06JA740001);2007-2008年度安徽省哲学社会科学规划项目(项目编号:AHSK07-08D92)的资助

摘　　要："谁知"从上古的反问用法经过中古的"反问+感叹"用法和陈述用法,到唐代演化为反预期的话语标记。宋元时期,话语标记的用法臻于成熟,语义也发生了相应的变化:没有人知道——谁曾料想到、谁也没想到——不曾料到——不料,演变条件为:以陈述性小句做宾语;表述的感叹化、陈述化;指称的虚无化。The discourse marker ＂sheizhi（ 谁知 ）＂ evolved from its rhetorical question use in ancient times, its uses of the form of ＂rhetorical question ＋ exclamation＂ and statement in the mid- dle ancient times to an discourse marker of anti-anticipation in the Tang Dynasty. In the Song and Yuan Dynasties, its uses as an utterance marker became matured. Its semantic meaning changed correspondingly： no one knows -- who ever expected？ -- no one ever thought of- no one expected -- unexpectedly. The conditions of the evolution are： to be the object in clauses of statement, to show exclamation and statement and to show emptiness of nominatum.

关 键 词：话语标记 反问句 感叹句 反预期 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]