部件特征和正字法意识在儿童汉字书写发展中的作用  

The Role of Logographeme Characteristics and Orthographic Awareness in Low-Grade Children's Writing Development

作　　者：史冰洁[1] 李虹[2] 张玉平[1] 舒华[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学,认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学心理学院,应用实验心理北京市重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《心理发展与教育》2011年第3期297-303,共7页Psychological Development and Education

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30870758);北京市教育委员会共建项目(SYS100270661);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(08JJD740063)

摘　　要：研究以北京地区262名汉语儿童为研究对象,探讨了部件复杂程度和部件数量对儿童延迟抄写成绩的影响,并通过一年的追踪,考察了儿童书写加工基本单位及其发展变化历程,并分析了儿童的正字法意识对其书写能力发展的预测作用。实验一发现汉语儿童的书写单位是一个从笔画到部件的多水平发展过程,在控制整字笔画的情况下,对于部件复杂的汉字,以笔画为单位进行编码,错误类型以笔画乱写和部件错误为主,而对于由简单部件组成的汉字,主要以部件为单位进行组块,儿童多犯部件替换的错误。实验二发现在部件复杂程度相同的情况下,汉字所包含的部件数量越多,儿童的书写正确率越低,多犯部件缺失和部件替换的错误。实验三发现儿童一年级的正字法意识能够显著预测当年及一年后的书写成绩,表明正字法意识对于儿童的书写发展具有重要作用。This study investigated the role of logographeme complexity and the number of logographeme in Chinese children＇ s writing development, using data of a one-year-longitudinal study （n = 262）. It also explored how the orthographic awareness contributes to the development of children＇ s wiring ability. Experiment 1 discovered that Chinese children＇s writing units evolved from strokes to logographeme. With strokes fixed, children would make mistakes by writing incorrect strokes and logographeme for complicated characters, and substituting one logographeme with another when writing simple characters. Experiment 2 showed that when logographeme complexity was controlled, the number of logographeme would significantly affect children＇ s writing accuracy. Children are more inclined to make mistakes in writing complicated characters, with certain logographeme missed or substituted. Experiment 3 found that one can predict the kids＇ writing performance at the time and in the next year through their orthographic awareness in the first grade. This suggested the orthographic awareness plays an important role in children＇s writing development.

关 键 词：书写发展 延迟抄写 正字法意识 汉语儿童 

分 类 号：G442[哲学宗教—心理学]