高速公路建设对土地利用类型的影响及其生态服务价值评估——以陕西省5个典型区域为研究对象  

Impacts of Expressway Construction on Land Use Types and Assessment on the Ecosystem Service Value——A Case Study of Five Typical Areas in Shaanxi Province

作　　者：赵晶[1] 高照良[1,2] 蔡艳蓉[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2011年第3期226-231,237,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：陕西省水土保持局"线状工程建设水土流失防治技术示范推广研究项目"

摘　　要：从土地利用类型改变所导致生态服务价值变化的角度,参照R.Costanza的＂生态系统服务功能价值计算方法＂和＂中国陆地生态系统单位面积服务功能价值表＂,根据选定区域高速公路建设前后不同土地利用类型的面积,计算生态系统服务功能价值的变化,定量评价高速公路建设对区域生态环境的影响。结果表明：（1）5个区域的高速公路建设,主要占用沿线的耕地、园地、林地和草地4种土地类型,耕地、园地面积均呈减少趋势,林地、草地面积在部分区域有增加,变化幅度为园地〉林地〉耕地〉草地;（2）生态服务总价值,除风沙区子靖高速外,其余4个区域均呈下降趋势。风沙区生态服务总价值由建设前的0.86万元/km增加至建设后的5.02万元/km,增幅为484.45%。从其余4个区域的减幅看,黄土丘陵区（靖安）〉石质山区（蓝商）〉低山丘陵区（商丹）〉黄土阶地区（机场）;（3）生物控制功能在五条高速区域均呈减少趋势。风沙区气候调节和废物处理功能增加显著,黄土丘陵区各功能均减少,减少幅度为25%~42%。黄土阶地区和低山丘陵区水供应、侵蚀控制功能价值呈增加趋势,增幅分别为368%、268%和170%、162%。Based on the land use and planning,change of ecosystem service value of different periods of expressway construction was evaluated with referring to the table of R.Costanza＇s calculation method of ecosystem service function value and Chinese land ecosystem services value of unit area and land area.The effect of land use planning of expressway construction on regional ecological environment was assessed quantificationally.The results showed that（1） Farmland,orchard,woodland and grassland were the four main land types occupied by expressway construction of five regions.The areas of farmland and orchard demonstrated decline trend in each region,but the areas of woodland and grassland increased in some regions.The range of changes followed the order of orchardwoodlandfarmlandgrassland;（2）The total service value of ecosystem had decline trend in four regions except the Zizhou-Jingbian expressway in sand drift areas.The total service value of ecosystem of sand drift areas increased from 0.86×104 Yuan/km to 5.02×104 Yuan/km,increased by 484.45%.On the other four regions＇ decrease side,loess hilly region（Jingbian-Ansai）rocky mountainous area（Lantian-Shangluo）low mountain rolling area（Shangluo-Danfeng）loess terraces area（airport expressway）;（3）Biological control function in five areas had a decreasing tendency,climate regulation and waste treatment functions decreased obviously in sand drift areas.Each function reduced by between 25% and 42% in loess hilly region.Water supply and erosion control function values decreased by 368%,268% and 170%,162% in loess terraces area and low mountain area,respectively.

关 键 词：高速公路 土地利用类型 生态系统服务价值 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学] U412.14[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]