体质量指数、嘲笑与自尊:身体意象的中介作用  

Relationship between body mass index,perceived teasing and self-esteem:Mediation effect of body image

作　　者：平凡[1] 潘清泉[2] 周宗奎[1] 田媛[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学心理学院,武汉430079 [2]广西工学院社会科学系,广西柳州545006

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2011年第5期369-373,共5页Chinese Mental Health Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30870778)

摘　　要：目的:探讨体质量指数(Body Mass Index,BMI)、嘲笑、身体意象和自尊的关系。方法:采用方便抽样,从湖北省某2所高中选取学生390名,根据BMI得分将被试分为偏瘦组(BMI≤17分),正常组(17分<BMI≤22分),偏胖组(BMI>22分)。使用青少年身体自我量表(Adolescent PhysicalSelf Scale,APS)、知觉到的嘲笑量表(The Perception of Teasing Scale,POTS)和自尊量表(The Self-Es-teem Scale,SES)考察体质量指数、嘲笑、身体意象与自尊的关系。结果:①BMI分组,偏瘦组女生多于男生,而偏胖组男生多于女生(χ2=8.48,P<0.05)。女生POTS得分高于男生,而APS得分低于男生。②偏胖组POTS得分和SES得分均高于正常组和偏瘦组;偏瘦组APS得分高于正常组和偏胖组。③APS得分与BMI、POTS得分呈负相关(r=-0.43,-0.31;均P<0.01),与SES得分正相关(r=0.45,P<0.05)。④回归分析发现,BMI、知觉到的嘲笑和身体意象可以直接预测自尊(β=-0.15,-0.11,0.36),解释总变异的24%。中介效应检验发现,BMI、知觉到的嘲笑可以直接影响自尊,也可以通过身体意象间接影响自尊。结论:体质量指数、知觉到的嘲笑和身体意象是影响自尊的重要因素,并且身体意象在体质量指数、知觉到的嘲笑与自尊的关系中起着部分中介的作用。Objective： To investigate the relationship among body mass index （BMI）, perceived teasing, self- esteem and body image. Methods： Totally 390 high school students in Hubei province were tested with the Adolescent Physical Self Scale, the Perception Of Teasing Scale and the Self-Esteem Scale. They were divided into low weight group （ BMI≤ 17）, normal weight group （ 17 〈 BMI ≤ 22） and overweight group （ BMI 〉 22） according to BMI scores. Results： （1） There were significantly gender differences in BMI （X^2 = 8.48, P 〈 0. 05）, perceived tea-sing and body image. And further comparison showed that female students scored higher in perceived teasing than male students, and female students dissatisfied their bodies higher than male students. （2） The scores of perceived teasing and self-esteem were significantly higher in overweight group than in low and normal weight group. The scores of body image were significantly higher in low weight group than in the other groups. （3） Correlation analysis showed that BMI （r = - 0. 43, P 〈 0. 01 ） and perceived teasing （r = - 0. 31, P 〈 0. 01） were significantly nega- tively correlated with body image, self-esteem was significantly positively correlated with body image （ r = 0. 45, P 〈0. 01）. （4） Regression analysis indicated BMI and perceived teasing predicted self-esteem directly （β = -0. 15, - 0. 11, and 0. 36）, and also exerted its influence on self-esteem through body image. Conclusion： The body mass index （BMI）, perceived teasing and body image could affect self-esteem, and body image partially mediate the rela- tionship between BMI, perceived teasing and self-esteem.

关 键 词：身体意象 嘲笑 自尊 体质量指数 中介效应 

分 类 号：B844.2[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学] Q983.21[哲学宗教—心理学]