从孟子论伯夷、柳下惠等圣贤看其进退观  

Looking at Mencius's Conception of Taking Office and Retiring from It from His Conments on Sages of Boyi,Hui of Liuxia,Etc

作　　者：林榕杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学哲学系,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《黑龙江社会科学》2011年第3期33-37,共5页Social Sciences in Heilongjiang

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(09JZD0005)

摘　　要：孟子认为,伯夷、柳下惠、伊尹、孔子分别代表了在进退问题上的四种不同做法,而他们的相同之处都是趋于仁以及"归洁其身"。伯夷非其君不事,不立于恶人之朝,可谓"以去为洁";柳下惠不羞污君,不卑小官,可谓"不以不去为不洁";伊尹秉持"何事非君"的观点,去就于两君之间,而他"自任以天下之重"则为孟子所赞许。孟子推崇孔子是"集大成"者,其进退观在相当程度上吸取了孔子的主张。他还指出孔子有"见行可之仕"、"际可之仕"与"公养之仕",这也代表了仕的三种层次。According to Mencius＇s opinion,Boyi,Yiyin,Hui of Liuxia and Confucius differently represent the four ways to take office and retire,yet they hold identical views,namely heading for benevolence and ＂keeping of their persons pure＂.Boyi would not serve a prince whom he did not approve and would not stand in a bad prince＇s court,which is ＂to take going away as purity＂.Hui of Liuxia was not ashamed to serve an impure prince,not did he think it low to be an inferior office,which is ＂not to take not-going away as impurity＂.Yiyin upheld the opinion of ＂whom may I not serve＂ and went away and stayed between the two princes.His ＂taking upon himself the heavy charge of the empire＂ was praised by Mencius.With holding Confucius in esteem for his being ＂a complete concert＂,Mencius has absorbed Confucius＇s proposition in the conception of taking office and retiring from it.Mencius also pointed out,＂Confucius took office when he saw that the practice of his doctrines was Likely;he took office when his reception was proper;he took office when he was supported by the state＂,which are the three levels to represent taking office.

关 键 词：孟子 伯夷 伊尹 柳下惠 孔子 进退观 

分 类 号：B5[哲学宗教—外国哲学]