苦瓜籽油脂肪酸成分的GC-MS分析  

GC-MS determination of bitter melon seeds oil fatty acids

作　　者：张飞[1] 潘亚萍[1] 杨康 

机构地区：[1]国家粮食储备局西安油脂科学研究设计院,西安710082 [2]陕西海升果业发展股份有限公司,西安710061

出　　处：《粮食与食品工业》2011年第3期19-22,共4页Cereal & Food Industry

摘　　要：利用索氏抽提法提取苦瓜籽油,对苦瓜籽油的碘值、皂化值、不皂化物、熔点等理化性质进行了测定,并用氢氧化钾-甲醇室温酯化法对苦瓜籽油甲酯化,通过GC-MS对其脂肪酸成分进行分析。结果表明,苦瓜籽脂肪含量(36.81%)和蛋白含量(43.05%)都较高,苦瓜籽油常温下呈蜡状白色固体,同时有特殊的刺鼻苦涩气味。熔点为53℃,不皂化物为0.9%,碘值(I)为131 g/100 g,皂化值(KOH)196 mg/g。苦瓜籽油中共鉴定出8种脂肪酸,其中硬脂酸(33.6%)、α-桐酸(42.3%)、β-桐酸(16.5%)、棕榈酸(1.8%)、油酸(2.3%)、亚油酸(2.9%)、花生酸(0.4%)和花生一烯酸(0.2%)。The bitter melon seeds oil was extracted by Soxhlet extraction method,and the physicochemical characteristics of bitter melon seed oil were determined including iodine value,saponification number,unsaponifiable matter,melting point.The bitter melon seed oil was esterified in the way of potassium hydroxide-methanol esterification at room temperature,and the fatty acids composition of bitter melon seeds oil was detected by GC-MS.The results show that,both of oil content（36.81%） and protein contein（43.05%） of bitter melon seed are higher,and the oil takes on white solid state,and sends out special,penetrating,bitter and astringent smell.The melting point,unsaponifiable matter,iodine value,saponification number of the bitter melon seeds oil are 53 ℃,0.9%,131 g/100 g and 196 mg/g,respectively.Eight kinds of fatty acids such as stearic acid（33.6%）,α-eleostearic acid（42.3%）,β-eleostearic acid（16.5%）,palmitic acid（1.8%）、 oleic acid（2.3%）、 linoleic acid（2.9%）、 arachidic acid（0.4%）and eicosenoic（0.2%） are identified from bitter melon seeds oil.

关 键 词：苦瓜籽油 脂肪酸组成 GC-MS α-桐酸 β-桐酸 熔点 

分 类 号：TS221[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]