朱德熙先生最重要的学术遗产  

The Most Valuable Legacy of Zhu Dexi's Grammatical Theory

作　　者：沈家煊[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所,100732 [2]绍兴文理学院,312000

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2011年第4期7-19,共13页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

摘　　要：朱先生自认为在摆脱印欧语眼光为主导的传统观念的道路上只是前进了很小的一步,然而这很小的一步正是朱先生留给我们的最重要的学术遗产。本文认为,朱先生的重要贡献有两项:一,在将分布原理和层次分析法运用于汉语语法分析的时候揭示出汉语不同于印欧语的两个重要特点,建立起比较适应汉语实际的"以词组为本位"的语法体系;二,在建立汉语语法体系的时候明确提出简明性和严谨性同等重要的原则并加以贯彻,使汉语语法研究更加"科学化"。朱先生的理论和体系不是说后人不能修正,但是修正的前提是先要正确理解朱先生,先要搞清楚朱先生究竟是怎么想的和为什么这么想,不然就会导致严重的后果,把朱先生留下的学术遗产中最有价值的东西廉价处理掉了。本文最后说明我们关于汉语名词和动词的新观点只是覆盖而不是推翻朱先生的理论。On the long march of making efforts to shake off the Indo-European Perspective in the study of Chinese grammar,Professor Zhu Dexi＇s ＂a small step forward＂ is actually the most valuable legacy we received from him.This step consists of two aspects.First,applying the principle of distribution and the method of ＂immediate constituent＂ analysis,Zhu revealed two important characteristics of Chinese grammar different from the Indo-European languages and established a system of grammar based on the unit of phrase,which is more compatible with the Chinese reality.Second,in establishing a system of Chinese grammar Zhu clearly put forward and carried out the principle of valuing both consistency and simplicity,and the Chinese grammatical studies have since become more ＂scientific＂.The precondition of making any revision to Zhu＇s theory is a correct understanding of what he really thought and why he thought so.Otherwise the most valuable part of the legacy we received from Zhu will risk the consequence of being disposed of cheaply.The new theory of Chinese word classes,particularly of nouns and verbs,as explicated in Shen（2007,2008,2009,2010） is to cover rather than overthrow Zhu＇s theory.

关 键 词：汉语语法特点 词组本位 简明性 名词 动词 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]