农村学校布局调整的十年走势与政策议题  

The Trends and Policy Issues for Rural School Layout and Adjustment in the Last Decade in China

作　　者：邬志辉[1,2] 史宁中[3,2] 

机构地区：[1]教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地东北师范大学农村教育研究所 [2]国家基础教育实验中心 [3]东北师范大学

出　　处：《教育研究》2011年第7期22-30,共9页Educational Research

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“新农村建设与城镇化推进中农村教育布局调整研究”(项目批准号:07JZD0031);国家社科基金国家重点项目“当前农村教育发展现状、问题与对策研究”(项目批准号:10ASH003)的研究成果之一

摘　　要：近十年来,中国农村经历了历史上力度最大的学校布局调整。从宏观背景上看,教育管理体制变革为农村学校布局调整提供了制度空间,教育由普及向提高转型为农村学校布局调整提供了政策语境,农村城镇化发展为农村学校布局调整提供了战略预期,农村生源总量减少为农村学校布局调整提供了客观依据。从演进趋势上看,学校数与在校生数减少不同步,学校减幅远远大于在校生减幅;学校规模和班级规模同步扩大,县镇大规模学校和大班额问题突出;教育城镇化发展与村庄学校消失并行,学生上学距离变远且寄宿低龄化。农村学校的撤并引发了程序正义、学校规模与机会公平等政策议题。In the past decade, China has experienced the largest scale rural school layout and adjustment in history. From the macro point of view, for rural school layout and adjustment, the administrative system reform in education has provided an institutional space; the transformation from universal education to quality education has provided a policy context; urbanization of rural villages has provided a strategic anticipation ; and the enrollment decline of rural students has provided a practical basis. From the evolutive point of view, the number of school layout and student enrollment decline are not synchronized, the reduction rate of schools is far greater than that of enrollment; the size of school and class is enlarged simultaneously, the problem of larger size of school and class is prominent in the county; the development of educational urbanization is in parallel with the disappearance of village schools, the schools are farther away from students＂ residence and boarding students become younger and younger. The merging tide in countryside has led to many policy issues such as procedure fairness, school size, and equal opportunities.

关 键 词：农村教育 学校布局调整 程序正义 学校规模 机会公平 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学]