青少年风险决策的时程加工机制:来自ERP的证据  

Adolescents' Risky Decision Making:An ERP Study

作　　者：张娅玲[1] 袁文萍[1] 刘雷[1] 冯廷勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学心理学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《心理学探新》2011年第3期223-229,共7页Psychological Exploration

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(30800292);教育部人文社会科学规划项目(07JAXLX009);211三期工程国家重点学科建设项目(NSKD08007)

摘　　要：采用事件相关电位(ERP)研究技术,运用剑桥风险任务的实验范式,考察了青少年风险决策的时程加工机制。行为结果表明,在高、中、低三种不确定性条件下,相对于效价,被试的决策更多的关注概率。脑电结果显示:1)不确定性的主效应在N400上表现显著,高不确定条件和中不确定条件的波幅要明显大于低不确定性条件的波幅,而高不确定条件和中不确定条件的波幅无显著差异;2)与中不确定条件相比,高不确定条件和低不确定条件诱发了一个新异正成分(LPC),高不确定条件和低不确定条件的波幅要明显大于中不确定性条件的波幅,而高不确定条件和低不确定条件的波幅无显著差异。青少年在风险任务中的决策较多的是选择安全选项,表现出较为明显的风险规避倾向。N400的波幅可能反映了不确定性程度,而LPC的波幅大小可能反映了结果评价准确性程度的高低。The present study adopted Event-Related Potentials（ERP）technique,using Cambridge Gambling Task to investigate the electrophysiological evidence of adolescents＇ risky decision making.EEG results showed that：（1）The main effect of uncertainty on the component of N400 was significant,high and middle uncertainty conditions elicited larger N400 amplitudes than that of low uncertainty condition,while there was no significant difference between high and middle uncertainty conditions;（2）Compared with the middle uncertainty condition,high and low uncertainty conditions induced a novel late positive component（LPC）,the amplitude of high uncertainty and low uncertainty was significantly larger than the middle uncertainty condition amplitude,but the difference of amplitude of LPC between high uncertainty and low uncertainty conditions was not significant.Adolescents in risky decision making task chose more security options,showing obvious tendency to risk aversion.N400 may reflect the degree of uncertainty,and the amplitude of LPC may reflect the degree of accuracy of the outcome evaluation.

关 键 词：青少年 风险决策 ERP N400 LPC 

分 类 号：B842.5[哲学宗教—基础心理学]