湖南地区食用槟榔流行病学研究  

Epidemiological Study of Edible Betel Nut in Hunan

作　　者：萧福元[1] 袁晟[1] 桂卓嘉[1] 周雪梅 刘自伟 胡余明[4] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省湘潭市疾病预防控制中心,湖南湘潭411100 [2]湘潭市卫生监督所 [3]湖南省槟榔行业协会 [4]湖南省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2011年第7期1218-1222,共5页Practical Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的探讨湖南地区居民咀嚼槟榔的原因和安全性,为槟榔的开发提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段抽样方法进行湖南省城乡居民咀嚼槟榔情况调查,运用国家规定的方法开展槟榔加工前后化学成分的检测及毒理学试验。结果湖南省居民咀嚼槟榔率为38.40%,其中城区为42.65%,乡村为34.12%;咀嚼槟榔的年限城区5年以下占24.72%,乡村5年以下占46.91%;日咀嚼槟榔数量的中位数城区为23.6 g,乡村为22.8 g;过瘾、提神醒脑和交际需要是居民咀嚼槟榔的前三位原因;检测17种槟榔成分,镉、锡、铅、总砷、柠檬烯、薄荷醇、香兰素加工前后无变化,加工后含量增加的有水份、脂肪和乙基麦芽酚3种,含量减少的有铁、粗纤维、锌、锰、铜、粗多糖和槟榔碱7种。毒理学实验证明,槟榔干果为无毒级,无遗传毒性和亚慢性毒作用。结论湖南地区城乡居民咀嚼槟榔已成为一种生活嗜好,食用槟榔对人体健康的影响仍有待于进一步研究。Objective To explore the causes and safety of chewing betel nut among the residents in Hunan,and to provide the scientific evidence for the development of betel nut.Methods With multi-stage sampling method,the situation of chewing betel nut was surveyed among the urban and rural residents in Hunan Province.With the national standard approach,chemical composition examination and toxicological experiment were conducted before and after betel nut processing.Results The rate of chewing betel nut in the residents of Hunan was 38.4%,of which the rate in the urban areas was 42.65% and that in the rural areas was 34.12%.Chewing betel nut below 5 years in the urban areas and the rural areas accounted for 24.72% and 46.91%,respectively.Daily median number of chewing betel nut in the urban areas was 23.6 g and that in the rural areas was 22.8 g.Enjoyment,refreshment and communication need were the top three reasons of chewing betel nut in the residents.17 kinds of compositions of betel nut were detected,no change was found in cadmium,tin,lead,total arsenic,limonene,menthol,and vanillin before and after the processing.After the processing,the contents of moisture,fat and ethyl maltol were increased,while the contents of iron,crude fiber,zinc,manganese,copper,crude polysaccharide and arecoline were reduced.Toxicology tests showed that betel nuts had no toxicity,no genetic toxicity and no sub-chronic toxicity.Conclusions Chewing betel nut has become a habit of life in the urban and rural residents of Hunan,however,the influence of chewing betel nut on human health should further study.

关 键 词：食用槟榔 咀嚼率 槟榔成分 毒理学实验 

分 类 号：R155[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]