高速列车通过钢轨焊接接头时引起的轮轨冲击噪声的研究  

Wheel/rail impact noise generation due to high speed train passing over rail weld joints

作　　者：杨新文[1,2] 翟婉明[2] 和振兴 

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学机电工程学院,兰州730070 [2]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,成都610031 [3]中铁第二勘察设计院集团有限公司地铁分院,成都610031

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2011年第7期143-147,187,共6页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：甘肃省自然科学基金研究计划项目(0916RJZA029)

摘　　要：高速铁路采用无缝钢轨铺设,大大地降低了轮轨通过钢轨接头时产生的轮轨冲击噪声。但是由于焊接钢轨时工艺不良和焊接材料与钢轨材料间存在性能差异等原因,车轮滚过这些焊接接头时产生的轮轨噪声远大于其它地方。为了探明钢轨焊接接头对轮轨噪声的影响,综合运用车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论、随机振动理论和声辐射理论建立了轮轨噪声预测模型,计算分析了高速列车通过钢轨焊接接头时的轮轨噪声。研究结果表明:焊缝凸台引起的轮轨冲击噪声主要集中在1 250 Hz～3 000 Hz范围内。钢轨凹陷型焊缝引起的轮轨冲击噪声主要集中在400 Hz～1 250Hz范围内。钢轨焊缝处短波不平顺波长增大,轮轨噪声声级最大值有所减小;短波不平顺波深增大,轮轨噪声声级最大值有所增大。In order to reduce greatly wheel/rail impact noise generation due to a wheel passing over rail joints,seamless rails are widely used in high speed railway.But,because of lower quality of rail welding and performance difference between welding material and rail one,wheel/rail noise is generated more severely when a wheel passing over these rail weld joints than the other places.To explore the influence of rail weld joints on wheel rail impact noise,based on vehicle-track coupled dynamics,random vibration theory and acoustic radiation theory,a model was developed to calculate wheel/rail impact noises when a train passes over rail weld joints.The result showed that the energy of wheel/rail impact noise due to rail weld boss concentrates in the frequency range of 1250～3000Hz;whereas the wheel/rail impact noise due to lower rail weld joints concentrates in the frequency range of 400～1250Hz;as the wavelength irregularity of rail weld shortwave increases,the maximum of wheel rail noise level is reduced;as the wave depth irregularity of rail weld shortwave increases,the maximum of wheel rail noise level is increased.

关 键 词：高速列车 耦合动力学 钢轨焊缝 振动 轮轨噪声 

分 类 号：TB533.1[理学—物理] U270[理学—声学]