但丁的俗语观与语言的辩证法  

Discussing Dante's View of the Proverb and the Dialectical Idea of Language

作　　者：祝嘉琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学文学院,广州510006

出　　处：《黑龙江教育学院学报》2011年第8期139-140,共2页Journal of Heilongjiang College of Education

摘　　要：在《论俗语》中,但丁有两个文艺观点十分有价值:一是辩证地看待拉丁语的优点和缺点,并把其优点借鉴到建立意大利民族语言的方案之中。拉丁语曾是意大利的民族语言,但到了中世纪末期,它的缺点十分明显,即过分规范化,使它与日常语言脱节;作为教会用语而成为束缚思想的工具;过分强调语法而十分难学。这些使它走到了尽头。但但丁没有完全否定它,仍主张适当吸收其规范这一优点;二是辩证地看待俗语。但丁认为,各地俗语的优点在于本色、自然、易学。但为了建立统一的民族语言,各地的俗语必须"放在筛子里去筛"。总之,最后建成的这一统一的民族语言,必须是"光辉的语言",既要来自民间,又要规范。综上可见,语言的辩证法如同一根红线,始终贯穿在但丁的俗语观中。In On Vulgarism, there are two valuable ideas ：firstly, it appraises Latin language dialectical and knows its advantages and disadvantages. At the same time, it suggests that people should absorb Latin language＇s advantages when establishing Italy＇s national language. Latin language was Italy＇s national language in the past; however, its disadvantages were excessively obvious at the later stage of Middle Ages ： because of excessive standardization, Latin language was very different from spoken language ; because Latin language was also used by church, it already tied people＇s thought; because it excessively emphasized the grammar, it is very difficult for people to study it. Above all, Latin language losed its vigor and vitality. However, Dante does not fully deny it. He suggests absorbing its advantages properly; secondly, Dante suggests that we should dialectically see the proverb. He thought that the advantages of proverb lie in being natural and easy to study. In order to establish united Italy＇s national language ,these proverbs should be selected. In a word, the united Italy＇s national language established in the end should be excellent language, which absorbs many advantages from proverbs and is standard. Above all, the dialectical idea is embodied in this work from beginning to end.

关 键 词：拉丁语 优点 缺点 俗语 辩证 统一的民族语言 

分 类 号：H034[语言文字—语言学]