原料差异对厌氧消化微生物群落的影响  

The Effect of Feedstocks on Microbial Communities in Anaerobic Digesters

作　　者：史宏伟[1] 邹德勋[1] 左剑恶[2] 朱保宁[1] 刘研萍[1] 李秀金[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学环境科学与工程系,北京100029 [2]清华大学环境学院,北京100084

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2011年第8期1675-1682,共8页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展(863)计划(2008AA062401);"十一五"科技支撑计划(2008BADC4B13);国家科技支撑计划(2007BAD87B12-3A);中央高校基本科研业务费(QN0901)

摘　　要：以餐厨垃圾、果蔬垃圾、麦秸3种不同原料分别进行厌氧消化,研究了各反应器在最佳运行条件下的消化特性和微生物群落组成。结果表明:VS产气率由高到低依次为餐厨垃圾(756.4mL·g-1VS-1)、麦秸(696.5mL·g-1VS-1)和果蔬垃圾(433.5mL·g-1VS-1),甲烷含量在51.5%～55.1%之间,利用PCR-DGGE技术系统地分析了不同原料消化系统内细菌和古菌的群落结构构成及差异。结果表明,虽然3组样品中细菌和古菌的群落存在相同的优势微生物,但其数量和群落结构差异也较为明显,细菌中以拟杆菌(Bacteroidetes)以及古菌中甲烷鬃菌属(Methanosaeta)和甲烷螺菌属(Methanospirillum)均为样品共有的优势微生物。Food waste,vegetable residue,and wheat stalk were anaerobically digested for biogas production,and the digestate were analyzed by PCR-DGGE to identify anaerobic micro-organism strains and compare the differences in microorganism communities among three feedstocks.Three hydraulic retention times（HRT） of 30 d,20 d and 50 d for all digesters were used at the same temperature of 35±1 ℃.The digestion parameters and microbial communities were analyzed in the experiments under optimal conditions.The daily biogas yields were 756 mL·g-1VS-1,696 mL·g-1VS-1 and 433 mL·g-1VS-1 for kitchen waste,vegetable residue,and wheat straw,respectively.The methane contents in the biogas ranged between 51.5%~55.1%.The microbial communities and the variations of bacteria and archaea in three digesters were investigated by PCR-DGGE techniques.The Shannon-Wiener index of bacteria and archaea were 3.14±0.17 and 2.11±0.45,respectively.The Simpson index of bacteria and archaea were 0.94±0.02 and 0.83±0.09,respectively.Although the bacteria species of Bacteroidetes and the archaea species of Methanosaeta and Methanospirillum were found to be dominant in the digesters,the quantity and community strains were different for three feedstocks investigated.The findings could provide useful information for the future studies.

关 键 词：餐厨垃圾 果蔬垃圾 麦秸 厌氧消化 微生物多样性 PCR-DGGE 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]